术前急性超容血液稀释对结肠癌患者高凝状态的影响

背景与目的:由于恶性肿瘤患者常合并高凝状态,增加了手术后发生血栓的风险。因此,有必要对围手术期伴随高凝状态的恶性肿瘤患者进行抗凝治疗。我们采用6%羟乙基淀粉(hydroxyethylstarch,HES)溶液、4%琥珀酰明胶(succinylatedgelatin,GEL)溶液及乳酸钠林格氏(lactatedRingerUs,RL)溶液作术前急性超容血液稀释(acutehypervolemichemodilution,AHHD),观察其能否减轻结肠癌患者的高凝状态以及降低术后深静脉血栓形成(deepvenousthrombosis,DVT)的发生率。方法:60例行择期手术治疗伴随高凝状态的结肠癌患者随机分为3组,每组20例,手术前以15ml/kg的量于30min内分别给3组患者输注HES溶液、GEL溶液或RL溶液。采用血栓弹力图描记仪分析患者围手术期凝血状态的变化,彩色多普勒超声诊断术后DVT。结果:与急性超容血液稀释前(T0)比较,HES组在手术开始后30min(T1)、2h(T2)以及手术结束后1h(T3)时的凝血指数(coagulationindex,CI)明显下降(P<0.01)。HES组在T3时的CI明显小于GEL组(P<0.05)。HES组在T1、T2、T3时的CI明显小于RL组(P<0.05)。与T0比较,GEL组在T1、T2时的CI明显下降(P<0.01)。GEL组在T1、T2时的CI明显小于RL组(P<0.05)。术后HES组有2例(10%)患者发生DVT,GEL组有3例(15%)患者,而RL组有10例(50%)患者(P<0.05)。结论:术前采用HES溶液和GEL溶液实施AHHD能减轻结肠癌患者围手术期的高凝状态,降低术后DVT的发生率。

Effects of preoperative acute hypervolemic hemodilution on hypercoagulability of patients with colon cancer

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Cancer patients have an increased risk of thrombosis after operation because of a hypercoagulable status. Therefore, anticoagulant treatment is necessary for patients with hypercoagulability during perioperative period. This study was to investigate the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHHD) with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES), or 4% succinylated gelatin (GEL), or lactated Ringer's (RL) solution before operation on the hypercoagulable status and the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of patients with colon cancer. METHODS: Sixty colon cancer patients with hypercoagulable status underwent operation were randomized into HES, GEL, and RL groups; each group contained 20 patients. The patients were infused with HES, GEL, or RL solution respectively at a dose of 15 ml/kg within 30 min before operation. Preoperative coagulation function was assessed by thrombelastography (TEG). DVT was diagnosed by the color Doppler ultrasonic system. RESULTS: Acute hypervolemic hemodilution with HES solution led to a significant decrease of coagulation index (CI) at 30 min and 2 h after starting operation and 1 h after operation as compared with the prehemodilution value (P<0.01). At 1 h after operation, CI was significantly lower in HES group than in GEL group (P<0.05). At 30 min and 2 h after starting operation and 1 h after operation, CI was significantly lower in HES group than in RL group (P<0.05). Hemodilution with GEL solution lessened CI at 30 min and 2 h after starting operation significantly as compared with the prehemodilution value (P<0.01). At 30 min and 2 h after starting operation, CI was significantly lower in GEL group than in RL group (P<0.05). After operation, DVT in occurred 2 (10%) patients in HES group, 3 (15%) in GEL group, and 10 (50%) in RL group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acute hypervolemic hemodilution with HES solution and GEL solution can alleviate the hypercoagulability of colon cancer patients during perioperative period and decrease the occurrence of DVT.