Chronic oral nicotine administration and withdrawal regulate the expression of neuropeptide Y and its receptors in the mesocorticolimbic system |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey;2. Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Izmir, Turkey;3. Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey;4. Ege University, Center for Brain Research, Izmir, Turkey;1. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;2. Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Kerman, Iran;3. Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University. Kerman, Iran;5. Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran;6. College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Child Health, Phoenix, USA;7. BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, USA;8. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon;9. Departments of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University. Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Dizziness and Balance Neurology, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan;2. Department of Otorhinolarygology, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its receptors are involved in the regulation of mood, stress, and anxiety. In parallel, NPY signaling may play a vital role in the negative affective state induced by drug withdrawal. This study examined the changes in the transcript levels of NPY, Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors in the mesocorticolimbic system during chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal. Rats were administered with nicotine (initial dose: 25 μg/ml, maintenance dose: 50 μg/ml, free base) in drinking water for 12 weeks. Control group received only tap water. In the final week of the study, some of the nicotine-treated animals continued to receive nicotine (0-W), whereas some were withdrawn for either 24 (24-W) or 48 (48-W) h. All animals were decapitated after the evaluation of somatic signs (frequency of gasps, eye blinks, ptosis, shakes, teeth chatter) and the duration of locomotor activity and immobility. mRNA levels of NPY, Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors in the mesocorticolimbic system were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results showed that nicotine withdrawal increased overall somatic signs. Moreover, chronic nicotine treatment increased the duration of locomotor activity, whereas withdrawal increased the duration of immobility. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that chronic nicotine treatment increased NPY mRNA levels in the hippocampus. On the other hand, 24- and 48-h withdrawals increased NPY mRNA levels in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), Y1 and Y2 mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens and mPFC, and Y5 mRNA levels in the mPFC. These findings suggest that nicotine withdrawal enhances NPY signaling in the mesocorticolimbic system, which could be an important mechanism involved in regulating the negative affective state triggered during nicotine withdrawal. |
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