Increased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers contrasting with the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in patients with metabolic syndrome |
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| Institution: | 1. Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;2. Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil;3. Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil;4. Physical Activity Group, Physical Education Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA;2. New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA;3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA;4. Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA;5. Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hennepin Healthcare/Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;1. Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou 225001, China;2. Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou 225001, China;3. Department of Center of Health Management, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou 225001, China;4. Department of Biobank, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou 225001, China;5. Department of Ultrasonography, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou 225001, China;1. Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway;2. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;3. Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway;4. Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway;5. Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway;1. DynaLIFE Medical Labs and University of Alberta Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Edmonton, AB, Canada;2. St Michael’s Hospital and University of Toronto Department of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada;3. Sunnybrook Hospital and University of Toronto Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, ON, Canada;4. St Michael’s Hospital and University of Toronto Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, ON, Canada;1. Cardiology Department, University of Health Sciences Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey;2. Cardiology Department, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey;3. Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disorder that is closely associated with risk factors that increase the chance of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. We demonstrate the presence of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with MetS through levels of antioxidants and oxidative and inflammatory markers, in order to determine influential variables in therapy. Methods: In this study, lipid peroxidation, carbonylated protein content and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were evaluated in samples obtained from 30 patients with MetS and 30 control patients. In addition, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid (UA) levels were determined to investigate the inflammatory process in patients with MetS. Results: Our results demonstrated an increase in the levels of oxidative markers, such as substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and carbonyl protein. In addition, a decrease in the defense of non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as levels of vitamin C and glutathione (GSH) in patients with MetS. As for inflammatory markers, CRP and UA were increased in patients with MetS. Finally, activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway was observed due to decreased AchE activity in patients with MetS.ConclusionThe analyzes indicated oxidative stress, together with a reduction in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, corroborating the high consumption of these proteins. In addition, inflammation and activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway was observed by the AChE analysis. Thus, the activation of this pathway can be studied as a possible route to a potential therapy. In addition, the markers AChE, CRP and UA may be used as a focus for the treatment of MetS. |
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| Keywords: | Inflammation Metabolic syndrome Obesity Oxidative stress Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway |
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