Frailty status is related to general and abdominal obesity in older adults |
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| Affiliation: | 1. FCNAUP - Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;2. EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;3. I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;4. CINTESIS - Centro de Investigação em Tecnologia e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal;5. CIAFEL - Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;6. UISPA, LAETA-INEGI - Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;1. Hospital das Clínicas – UFPE, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil;2. Cardiology Emergency Department of Pernambuco, Rua dos Palmares, s / n - Santo Amaro, Recife CEP: 50.100-060, PE, Brazil;3. Cardiology Emergency Department of Pernambuco, Rua dos Palmares, s / n - Santo Amaro, Recife CEP: 50.100-060, PE, Brazil;4. Cardiology Emergency Department of Pernambuco, Rua dos Palmares, s / n - Santo Amaro, Recife CEP: 50.100-060, PE, Brazil;5. Clinical Nutrition Residency Program, Hospital das Clínicas – UFPE, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, - PE, 50670-901, Brazil;1. Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;2. Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain;3. GeroResidencias La Saleta, Valencia, Spain;1. Medical Department, Geriatric Unit, Azienda ULSS (Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria) 3 “Serenissima”, Dolo-Mirano District, Italy;2. South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom;3. Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom;4. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King''s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom;5. National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, Italy;6. Primary Care Department, Azienda ULSS20 Verona, Verona, Italy;7. Primary Care Department, Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy;8. Primary Care Department, Aziendale AAS3 Alto Friuli – Collinare – Medio Friuli, Udine, Italy;9. Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain;10. Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.;11. Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Research Hospital, IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The association between frailty and obesity may differ according to the heterogeneity of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) phenotypes in older adults. We hypothesized that the use of simple indicators of general and abdominal obesity combined, may more accurately represent obesity and allow to further elucidate on how frailty status and its criteria are related to obesity. A sample of 1444 older adults, aged ≥65 years (Nutrition UP 65 study) was included in a cross-sectional analysis. General and abdominal obesity were defined according to World Health Organization BMI and WC cut-offs, and frailty by Fried et al. phenotype. A cluster analysis defined groups according to BMI and WC levels. Overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2; 44.6%), general obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2; 39.0%), and abdominal obesity (WC >102 cm for men and >88 cm for women) were highly frequent (66.5%). Prefrailty (odds ratio [OR]: 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-3.57) and frailty (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.58-5.22) were directly associated with the “general and abdominal obesity” cluster. Regarding frailty criteria, low handgrip strength (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.55-3.38) and weight loss (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.14-0.52) were also associated with this cluster. In this sample of older adults presenting a high frequency of overweight and obesity, prefrailty and frailty are linked to higher levels of adiposity, but only when both general and abdominal obesity are present. Present results emphasize the importance of the evaluation of both BMI and WC in the geriatric clinical practice and suggest that older adults presenting both general and abdominal obesity should be routinely screened for frailty. |
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