Estrogen regulates the expression of retinoic acid synthesis enzymes and binding proteins in mouse skin |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman''s University, Denton, TX, USA;2. Department of Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;3. The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA;4. Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA;5. Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA;1. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;2. Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;3. Department of Nanotechnology, Islamic Azad University, Langaroud Branch, Langaroud, Iran;4. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences/ and also Surgery Ward, Nour-Nejat Hospital, Tabriz, Iran;5. Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain;6. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Safety/ and also Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198353-5511, Iran;1. Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;2. Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan;3. Division of Field Crop Research and Development, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0071, Japan;1. Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, P.R. China;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, P.R. China;3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, P.R. China;1. Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA;1. Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;3. USDA ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA;4. Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;5. Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;6. Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;7. Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;8. Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;9. Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;10. Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA |
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| Abstract: | Topical 17-beta-estradiol (E2) regulates the hair cycle, hair shaft differentiation, and sebum production. Vitamin A also regulates sebum production. Vitamin A metabolism proteins localized to the pilosebaceous unit (PSU; hair follicle and sebaceous gland); and were regulated by E2 in other tissues. This study tests the hypothesis that E2 also regulates vitamin A metabolism in the PSU. First, aromatase and estrogen receptors localized to similar sites as retinoid metabolism proteins during mid-anagen. Next, female and male wax stripped C57BL/6J mice were topically treated with E2, the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 (ICI), letrozole, E2 plus letrozole, or vehicle control (acetone) during mid-anagen. E2 or one of its inhibitors regulated most of the vitamin A metabolism genes and proteins examined in a sex-dependent manner. Most components were higher in females and reduced with ICI in females. ICI reductions occurred in the premedulla, sebaceous gland, and epidermis. Reduced E2 also reduced RA receptors in the sebaceous gland and bulge in females. However, reduced E2 increased the number of retinal dehydrogenase 2 positive hair follicle associated dermal dendritic cells in males. These results suggest that estrogen regulates vitamin A metabolism in the skin. Interactions between E2 and vitamin A have implications in acne treatment, hair loss, and skin immunity. |
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