广州市输入性甲型H1N1流感病例的流行病学分析

目的调查分析广州市2009年5月～7月输入性甲型H1N1流感病例的流行病学特征,探讨发病特点,评估防控措施,为预防和控制甲型H1N1流感提供参考。方法采用病例个案调查结合口岸检疫情况调查的方法。结果广州市2009年5月18日确诊首例甲型H1N1流感病例为输入性病例。5月～7月共报告甲型H1N1确诊病例173例,其中输入性病例76例（43.9%）。输入性病例中男性45例,女性31例。年龄为6个月～71岁,平均23.4岁,中位数为21岁,29岁以下占72.4%。病例来自16个国家和地区,其中美国21例（27.6%）、澳大利亚16例（21.1%）。入境交通工具为飞机54例（71.1%）、火车15例（19.7%）。有72.4%（55/76）是出入境检验检疫发现;23.7%（18/76）自行就诊时发现。输入性病例中有46例为散发病例,输入性暴发疫情14起,涉及30例。79.2%（42/53）的病例病前7 d内到过疫区或来自疫区。临床表现以发热（≥37.3℃）（94.3%）、咳嗽（58.5%）、咽痛（49.1%）为主,11.3%的病例出现腹痛、腹泻、腹胀、恶心、呕吐等消化道症状。同期广州市各口岸共查验入境人数816 431人,其中84.4%的人来自甲型H1N1流感发生国家和地区,共检出964人（0.1%）发热（≥37.3℃）并全部送医院诊治,286人留验,101 834人送往指定的医学观察点留观。结论广州市2009年首例甲型H1N1流感病例为输入性病例;输入性病例流行形式以散发为主,临床症状较轻,以呼吸道症状为主,少数有消化道症状;输入性病例中超过半数由出入境检疫发现。

Epidemiological analysis of imported A/H1N1 cases in Guangzhou City

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of the imported A/H1N1 cases in Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province,and to evaluate the effect of measures for A/H1N1 prevention and control.Methods Individual survey and the investigation of entry-exit quarantine of the imported cases were conducted in this study.Results The first A/H1N1 case,confirmed in Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province,on May 18,2009,was imported.Total of 173 confirmed cases were reported from May to July 2009,and 76（43.9%） cases were imported.In the imported cases,there were 45 males and 31 females.The age range was from 0.5 to 71 years old,Mean and median were 23.4,21 respectively.72.4% of cases were under 29 years old.The cases came from 16 countries or regions,such as 21 cases from America and 16 cases from Australia.The vehicles used by the cases when they enter Guangzhou were airplane 54（71.1%）,train 15（19.7%）,respectively.72.4%（55/76） of imported cases were found by entry-exit inspection and quarantine.23.7%（18/76） of the cases were found when they went to hospital.60.5%（46/76） of imported cases were sporadic and 14 outbreaks involved 30 cases.79.2%（42/53） of the cases came from the countries where had found H1N1 cases.Main symptoms was fever（≥37.3 ℃）（94.3%）,cough（58.5%） and sore throat（49.1%）,etc.11.3% of cases had gastroenteric symptoms such as diarrhea,abdominal pain,abdominal distension,nausea and vomiting.At the same period,816 431 persons were checked by the Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,and 84.4% of them came from the countries found H1N1 cases.964（0.3%） of the persons had fever and were sent to hospital,286 persons were requested to be isolated for examination or treatment,and 101 834 persons were sent to appointed medical sites for medical observation.Conclusions The first confirmed case of A/H1N1 in Guangzhou City in 2009 is imported.Most of the imported cases are sporadic and gently symptoms,while few cases with gastroenteric symptoms.More than half of the imported cases are found by entryexit quarantine.