山东省制药和电子行业流动女工职业和心理健康调查

目的了解山东省制药和电子行业流动女工的职业健康和心理健康状况。方法 2010—2011年选择电子、制药行业各3个企业流动女工共3 804人,填写个人调查表、企业调查表,进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)测量。全部数据录入Epi-Data数据库,应用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行单因素多个样本F检验、相关分析、多重线性回归分析。结果①电子行业流动女工年龄小,工龄低,学历低,多未婚;制药行业流动女工年龄大,工龄较长,学历较低,多已婚。2种行业女工的生殖健康表现为痛经和淤血,躯体健康方面表现为头痛、头晕、腰背痛、抑郁等。电子行业重复单调动作、连续站立工作较多。②电子行业女工心理障碍较制药行业女工为重。③心理健康与一般情况、生殖健康、躯体健康、工作情况有显著相关,但相关度不高。④以心理因素为因变量,以一般情况和躯体健康、职业情况为自变量,根据相关分析结果,进行多重线形回归分析,建立回归方程,各自变量对心理因素的贡献率在8%～32%之间。结论山东省电子制药行业流动女工存在严重的生殖健康和职业健康问题。电子行业流动女工心理问题较严重,与职业特点、躯体健康有关。心理问题的影响因素较多,职业因素和个体因素在心理因素中占有很重要的比重。

Psychological and occupational health investigation of migrant female workers in pharmacy and electron factories of Shandong Province

[Objective]To understand the psychological and occupational health status of migrant female workers in pharmacy and electron factories of Shandong Province. [Methods]A total of 3 804 female workers from 3 pharmacy and electron enterprises of Shandong Province were enrolled for investigation of individual questionnaire,enterprise questionnaire and SCL-90.All data were input into Epidata to form a database and then analyzed by SPSS 17.0 for multiple samples F test,correlation analysis,multiple linear regression analysis. [Results]①The female workers in electron industry were characterized by younger,short service length,unmarried;while in pharmacy industry they were characterized by older,long service length,married.The reproductive health clinical manifestations of migrant female workers in both 2 industries were dysmenorrheal,congestion in menstrual flow period,others in physical health were headache,dizzy,low back pains,depression etc.The female workers in electron factory had more repeating monotonous tasks,continuously standing works.②The female workers in electron industry had more psychological disturbance than pharmacy workers.③The psychological health had distinctive correlation with general conditions,reproductive health,physical functioning and working circumstances,but not significant.④Taking psychological factors as dependent variable,general conditions,physical health and working circumstances as independent variable,based on the correlation analysis results,the multiple linear regression analysis was performed and constituted regression equation,the contribution rate of each independent variable on the psychological factors was 8%-32%.[Conclusion]The migrant female workers in pharmacy and electron factories of Shandong Province have serious reproductive and occupational health problems.The migrant female workers in electronic factories have more seriously psychological problems,which are related with occupational characteristics and physical health.