210例支气管哮喘患者皮肤变应原点刺试验分析

目的调查北京地区哮喘患者的常见变应原,为预防和治疗支气管哮喘发作提供依据。方法用24种德国默克公司生产的阿罗格变应原进行皮肤点刺试验,以生理盐水为阴性对照,组胺为阳性对照。结果210例患者中,粉尘螨和屋尘螨的阳性率分别是57.14%和58.57%,其中单纯哮喘患者的阳性率分别是62.83%和59.29%,哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎患者阳性率是50.51%和57.63%;210例患者中,艾蒿的阳性率为30.95%,大豚草的阳性率为28.5%,再次为霉菌和动物毛;食物组变应原以虾、牛奶、鸡蛋为常见。2组间变应原阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论北京地区吸入性变应原中粉尘螨和屋尘螨最常见,野生的蒿类和大豚草作为变应原也在迅速上升。变应原皮肤点刺试验方便安全、操作易行,可同时检测多种变应原,特异性高。

Analysis of the Allergen Skin Prick Tests in 210 Patients with Bronchial Asthma

Objective To investigate the common allergens of bronchial asthma in Beijing area. Methods Twenty four different allergens produced by Allergopharma Merck Pharmaceutical Co. were used for skin prick tests with saline as negative comparison and histamine as positive control. Results Among the 210 patients studied, the positive rates of the Dermatophagoides farinae and pterongssinus were 57.14% and 58.57% respectively. Positive rate of the dermatophagoides farinae and pterongssinus were 50.51% and 57.73% respectively in the asthma group complicate with allergic rhinitis, while in the uncomplicated asthma group, the Dermatophagoides farinae and pterongssinus were 62.83% and 59.29% respectively. The positive rate of mugwort pollen was 30.95%, and that giant ragweed was 28.5%, Inhalant allergens of next importance were moulds and animal denders. Shrimps, milk and eggs were common food allergens. Conclusion Dermatophagoides farinae and pterongssinus are the most common allergens in Beijing area, however, the allergens of mugwort and giant ragweed have becoming increasingly important in recent years. Allergen skin prick tests provide a significant basis for the diagnosis and management of asthma. It is safe and easy to operate and can be used for detecting multiply allergens simultaneously.