Drooling rating scales in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;2. Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal;3. Swallowing Disorders Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal;4. Alcoitão School of Health Sciences, Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;5. The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;6. Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Centre, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada;7. Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;8. CNS - Campus Neurológico, Torres Vedras, Portugal;1. 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;2. Neurology Clinic, Henry Dunan Hospital, Athens, Greece;3. Nuclear Medicine Unit, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece;4. 2nd Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;5. Parkinson''s Disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece;6. School of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus;1. Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China;2. Department of Neurorehabilitation, Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 2209 Guangxing Road, Shanghai, 201619, China;3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China;1. RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany;2. JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany;3. Department of Neurology with Institute of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany;4. Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck, Austria;5. Division for Clinical Cognitive Sciences, Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany;6. Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Juelich GmbH, Germany;1. Department of Neurology, Brain Science Center, Sapporo City General Hospital, Kita 11-nishi 13, ChuoKu, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan;2. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;3. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundDrooling is a clinically relevant non-motor symptom of people with Parkinson's disease (PwP). Several drooling rating scales are available. Nevertheless, the compelling scientific evidence supporting their validity is limited. This study aims to evaluate clinical rating scales for drooling, assessing their characteristics, clinimetric properties, and clinical utility classification.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken. Two reviewers performed independent literature searches using the CENTRAL®, CINAHL®, Embase®, MEDLINE®, SciElo®, and SPEECH BITE® databases. We used consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) and the International Parkinson's disease and the Movement Disorders (MDS) criteria to evaluate the included rating scales.ResultsThe following six rating scales were identified: Drooling Impact Scale (DIS), Sialorrhea Scoring Scale (SSS), Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale (DSFS), Drooling Rating Scale (DRS), Sialorrhea Clinical Scale for Parkinson Disease (SCS-PD), and the Radboud Oral Motor inventory for Parkinson's disease – Saliva (ROMP-saliva). The scales had heterogeneous characteristics: (i) not all were created/adapted for PwP; (ii) different dimensions associated with drooling are assessed; (iii) cross-cultural adaptations are limited to some languages. The clinimetric properties showed: (i) target population size limitations; (ii) incomplete reliability analysis; (iii) lack of robust validity; (iv) sensitivity to change not fully explored. Following the MDS criteria, only one tool was classified as “recommended”, the ROMP-saliva.ConclusionsThis review provides information for an adequate selection of a drooling rating scale for clinical and/or research purposes. To date, ROMP-saliva is the only scale with substantial evidence of its clinimetric properties adequacy and data in PwP. |
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| Keywords: | Parkinson's disease Sialorrhea Drooling Rating scales |
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