A novel single-leg squat test with speed and accuracy requirements: Reliability and validity in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed individuals |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Campus Divinópolis, Brazil;3. Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade Divinópolis, Brazil;4. Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil;5. Center for Cognition, Action, & Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA;6. Biological and Health Sciences Institute, Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte, Brazil;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;2. Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;1. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;2. Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;1. Division of Physiotherapy/FNB 3D Movement Analysis Laboratory, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa;2. Institute of Sports Medicine, Department Exercise & Health, University of Paderborn, Germany;3. Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway;1. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;2. Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China;3. Guangzhou Military Hospital, Guangzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundSome traditional single-leg squat tests focused on number of repetitions may not demand precise control of lower limb dynamic alignment, especially in the frontal and transverse planes. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate test–retest reliability and construct validity of a novel single-leg squat test – the ‘precision-squat test’ (PST) – designed to assess performance under varying task demands that can impact the execution of lower limb movements. A secondary objective was to investigate whether musculoskeletal factors predict performance in the PST in healthy individuals.MethodsThirty healthy participants were assessed to verify test–retest reliability. To verify the test’s construct validity, we compared the performance of 21 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACLR) individuals and 21 matched controls. Finally, 36 healthy individuals were assessed to verify the musculoskeletal factors related to PST performance. All participants performed the PST: they executed single-leg squats while moving a laser pointer (attached to the thigh) between two targets. We varied target size and distance between targets to manipulate the task difficulty.ResultsReliability of the PST was excellent at all demand levels (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)(3,2) > 0.93). Squat time increased under test conditions involving higher task difficulty (P < 0.001) and in ACLR individuals compared with age-matched controls (P < 0.05). Regression analyses revealed that reduced knee extensors and hip external rotators torques are related to increased squat time (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPST is a valid and reliable tool to assess performance of healthy and ACLR individuals. In addition, hip and knee strength are associated with performance during the test. |
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| Keywords: | Muscle strength Knee Hip Foot Rehabilitation Regression analysis |
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