Dynamic balance measurements: Reliability of smartphone attachment sites |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Physical Therapy, U1 University, 310, Daehak-ro, Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong-gun, Chungbuk, 29131, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Physical Therapy, Daejeon Health Institute of Technology, 21, Chungjeong-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34504, Republic of Korea;1. Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil;2. Department of Applied Physiotherapy, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil;1. Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício/ Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;1. Rehabilitation Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Augusto Motta University Centre (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Department of Medical Imaging, Allergology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria;3. Department of Kinesiotherapy, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria;4. Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;5. Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Gaziantep, Turkey;2. Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey |
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Abstract: | IntroductionDynamic balance devices are costly and uncommon, requiring dedicated space for use. Thus, studies often utilize smartphones to measure dynamic balance by attaching them to body parts, as they are inexpensive, small, and readily available. However, little consideration has been given to determine which body part would yield the most reliable measurements.Methodː A total of 25 healthy college students consented to stand on a balance pad on their dominant leg for 30 s. The test and retests were performed at a one-week interval.Resultsː Agreement between the test and retest values was moderate for those obtained from the sternum and waist (0.50 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.74) and was good for those obtained from the shin (0.75 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.89). There were significant moderate positive correlations between the test and retest results for all the attachment sites (0.40 < r < 0.69, p < 0.05).DiscussionBased on a review of related literature and the experiment's results, this study determined the pros and cons of using a smartphone as a measuring tool and the various measurement locations in the body. Despite the smartphone being a low-cost measuring tool, greater care must be taken to ensure the validity of the interpreted data.Conclusionː Although quantifying balance is necessary for evidence-based medicine, clinics seldom use existing modern devices due to their costliness. This study's results suggest that a smartphone, which is a cheaper alternative, produces the most reliable results when attached to the shin. |
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Keywords: | Biosensing techniques Equipment Weights and measures Smartphone Postural balance |
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