Harnessing TH9 cells in cancer immunotherapy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France;2. Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France;3. Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | CD4 T cell effector subsets not only profoundly affect cancer progression, but recent evidence also underscores their critical contribution to the anticancer efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In 2012, the two seminal studies suggested the superior antimelanoma activity of TH9 cells over other T cell subsets upon adoptive T cell transfer. While these findings provided great impetus to investigate further the unique functions of TH9 cells and explore their relevance in cancer immunotherapy, the following questions still remain outstanding: are TH9 cell anticancer functions restricted to melanoma? What are the factors favouring TH9 cell effector functions? What is the contribution of TH9 cells to cancer immunotherapy treatments? Can TH9 cells be identified in humans and, if so, what is their clinical relevance? By reviewing the studies addressing these questions, we will discuss how TH9 cells could be therapeutically harnessed for cancer immunotherapy strategies. |
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| Keywords: | Cancer Immunotherapy T cell Adoptive T cell transfer Immune checkpoints Immunomodulation |
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