A relational approach to evaluate food environments finds that the proximate food environment matters for those who use it |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12° andar, Bloco D, sala 12.023, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Cep: 20559-900, Brazil;2. IMED, Rua Senador Pinheiro, 304, Passo Fundo, RS, Cep: 99070-220, Brazil;3. Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 7° andar, Bloco D, sala 12.023, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Cep: 20559-900, Brazil;1. Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Prevention Research Center for Healthy Neighborhoods, BioEnterprise Building, Room 443, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;2. Vanderbilt University, Department of Human and Organizational Development, Peabody #90, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203-5721, USA;3. Cleveland State University, School of Health Sciences, 2121 Euclid Ave. IM 115, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA;4. Case Western Reserve University, Department of Anthropology, Mather Memorial Room 238, 11220 Bellflower Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-7125, USA;1. Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY;2. Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;3. Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John''s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada;4. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;5. Toronto Food Strategy, Toronto Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Using a relational approach, this study investigates whether shopping close to home moderates the relationship between the proximate food environment and diet. To address this question, we develop the proximate food retail quality (PFRQ) score, an inverse-distance weighted measure of all food retailers within a resident's neighborhood that incorporates audit data of each food retailer. This study relies on data collected through 24-h dietary recalls and psychosocial surveys administered to 449 adults in two socioeconomically matched neighborhoods. Food retailer audits collected data on the availability, price, and quality of healthful foods. Seventy-one percent of study participants report conducting at least 50% of their food shopping within approximately one mile of their home. Household income and education are associated with likelihood to shop close to home, while access to a personal vehicle is not. Finally, results suggest that, for residents who shop primarily close to home, a one unit increase in proximate food retail environment score is associated with a 17.2-point increase in HEI-2010 score, a measure of overall diet quality that ranges from zero to 100. This study suggests that the food environment matters for those who use it and that a low-quality proximate food environment can amplify individual disadvantage. |
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| Keywords: | Food environment Healthy eating index Food retail Food shopping Neighborhood |
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