Functional near-infrared spectroscopy during the verbal fluency task of English-Speaking adults with mood disorders: A preliminary study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Nursing, Masan University, Masan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea;4. OBELAB Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;2. Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;3. Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;4. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan;1. Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;2. Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan;3. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan;4. Mori Arinori Center for Higher Education and Global Mobility, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan;5. Cognitive Brain Research Unit (CBRU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;6. Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides a direct and objective assessment of cerebral cortex function. It may be used to determine neurophysiological differences between psychiatric disorders with overlapping symptoms, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Therefore, this preliminary study aimed to compare fNIRS signals during the verbal fluency task (VFT) of English-speaking healthy controls (HC), patients with MDD and patients with BD. Fifteen HCs, 15 patients with MDD and 15 patients with BD were recruited. Groups were matched for age, gender, ethnicity and education. Relative oxy-haemoglobin and deoxy-haemoglobin changes in the frontotemporal cortex was monitored with a 52-channel fNIRS system. Integral values of the frontal and temporal regions were derived as a measure cortical haemodynamic response magnitude. Both patient groups had lower frontal and temporal region integral values than HCs, and patients with MDD had lower frontal region integral value than patients with BD. Moreover, patients could be differentiated from HCs using the frontal and temporal integral values, and patient groups could be differentiated using the frontal region integral values. VFT performance, clinical history and symptom severity were not associated with integral values. These results suggest that prefrontal cortex haemodynamic dysfunction occurs in mood disorders, and it is more extensive in MDD than BD. The fNIRS-VFT paradigm may be a potential tool for differentiating MDD from BD in clinical settings, and these findings need to be verified in a larger sample of English-speaking patients with mood disorders. |
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| Keywords: | Functional near-infrared spectroscopy Prefrontal cortex Verbal fluency task Bipolar disorder Major depressive disorder |
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