Parkinson's disease and skin |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chulalongkorn Center of Excellence for Parkinson Disease & Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand;2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan;3. Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;4. Movement Disorder Clinic, University Hospital of Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark;1. Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;2. Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;3. Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;4. Rochester Epidemiology Project, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;5. Olmsted Medical Center, Rochester, MN;6. Health Sciences Research/Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL |
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| Abstract: | Parkinson's disease is associated with a variety of dermatologic disorders and the study of skin may provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this common neurodegenerative disorder. Skin disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease can be divided into two major groups: 1) non-iatrogenic disorders, including melanoma, seborrheic dermatitis, sweating disorders, bullous pemphigoid, and rosacea, and 2) iatrogenic disorders related either to systemic side effects of antiparkinsonian medications or to the delivery system of antiparkinsonian therapy, including primarily carbidopa/levodopa, rotigotine and other dopamine agonists, amantadine, catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors, subcutaneous apomorphine, levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel, and deep brain stimulation. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of α-synuclein in peripheral tissues, including the skin, and research based on induced pluripotent stem cells derived from skin fibroblasts have made skin an important target for the study of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, drug discovery, novel stem cell therapies, and diagnostics. |
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| Keywords: | Parkinson's disease Skin Seborrheic dermatitis Melanoma Bullous pemphigoid Rosacea Sweating Levodopa Apomorphine Nodules Livedo reticularis Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel Deep brain stimulation Biopsy Diagnosis |
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