Validity and reliability of smartphones in measuring joint position sense among asymptomatic individuals and patients with knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study |
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| Institution: | 1. Washington and Jefferson College, 60 South Lincoln Street, Washington, PA 15301, USA;2. Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA;3. Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA;1. Edge Hill University, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Sports Injury Research Group, St Helens Road, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK;2. University of Salford, School of Health Sciences, The Crescent, Salford M5 4WT, UK;1. Biomechanics Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;2. Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester and Minneapolis, MN, USA;3. Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;4. Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;1. Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA;2. Division of Physical Therapy Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;3. Miller Orthopedic Specialists, Council Bluffs, IA 51503, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundQuantifying proprioception deficit in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) may be important in evaluating treatment effectiveness. This study investigated the concurrent and known-groups validity as well as test–retest reliability of a smartphone application in assessing joint position sense (JPS) in asymptomatic individuals and patients with knee OA.MethodsSixty-four knees, from 16 asymptomatic controls and 16 patients with bilateral OA, were assessed twice with a 1-week interval in between. The smartphone Goniometer Pro application and isokinetic dynamometer simultaneously quantified JPS, in terms of absolute repositioning error (RE) angle, during active and passive limb movements at selected angles.ResultsBoth devices showed moderate to almost perfect correlations in measuring JPS; whether active (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.87) or passive (ICC >0.97). The mean RE angle differences between the two devices were <0.77° (passive JPS) and <2.76° (active JPS). Both devices were capable of distinguishing patients and asymptomatic controls at 55° and 80°. The smartphone showed moderate test–retest reliability of active JPS measurement (ICC = 0.51) in the two groups, similar to that of the isokinetic dynamometer (ICC = 0.62), but with a high measurement error.ConclusionsSmartphone application is a valid alternative to the isokinetic dynamometer in assessing JPS in patients with knee OA and asymptomatic controls. The two devices could distinguish patients and asymptomatic volunteers during passive JPS measured at 55° and 80°. Both devices have moderate reliability in quantifying active JPS, but reliability results should be considered with caution. |
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| Keywords: | Joint position sense Knee osteoarthritis Reliability Smartphone Validity |
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