听障儿童与健听儿童工作记忆的比较研究

目的 研究听障儿童与健听儿童在言语工作记忆和视空工作记忆方面的差异.方法 采用评估言语工作记忆和视空工作记忆的测验分别对听障组30例儿童和健听组30例儿童进行测试,对结果进行对比分析.结果 两组工作记忆结果有差异,健听组的言语工作记忆广度优于听障组(P＜0.05),而听障组的视空工作记忆广度优于健听组(P＜0.05)；健听组的言语工作记忆广度优于其视空工作记忆广度(P＜0.05),听障组的视空工作记忆广度优于其言语工作记忆广度(P＜0.05)；听障组在工作记忆任务中的提取速度并不都慢于健听组.结论 健听儿童言语工作记忆能力较强,听障儿童的视空工作记忆广度有较强的优势；在处理视空工作任务时,听障儿童未损伤通道中有较高的加工效率.

A Comparative Study of the Working Memory of Hearing-impaired and Normal-hearing Children

Objective To compare the differences between the hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children in verbal and visual-spatial working memory, Methods The verbal and visual-spatial working memory tests were conducted to evaluate 30 children with hearing impairment and 30 with normal hearing. The test data were then collected, compared and analyzed. Results The verbal working memory span of normal-hearing children was larger than that of hearing-impaired children （P〈0.05）, and the visual-spatial working memory span of hearing-impaired children was larger than that of normal-hearing children （P〈0.05）. For the hearing-impaired children, their visual-spatial working memory span was larger than their verbal range （P〈0.05）, but for the normal-hearing children, their verbal working memory span was larger than visual-spatial span （P〈0.05）. Not all the hearing-impaired children were slower than normal- hearing children in retrieving the working memory. Conclusion The normal-hearing children have a better verbal working memory while the hearing-impaired children have a larger visual-spatial working memory span. The intact ear canal of hearing-impaired children shows higher processing efficiency when performing visual-spatial tasks.