耳聋婴幼儿听觉及语言中枢等 相关脑区研究

目的 研究先天性感音神经性耳聋婴幼儿植入人工耳蜗前听觉及语言中枢等相关功能脑区 的变化.方法 采用血氧水平依赖功能磁共振成像技术(blood oxygenation level dependent-functional magnetic resonance imaging,BOLD-fMRI)对极重度感音神经性耳聋患儿和正常听力对照组进行研究.结果 ①给予震动触觉刺激后,两组被试均可见正性激活脑区,主要包括听觉皮层和其它触觉相关激活脑区,耳聋组比正常听力对照组显示更大的激活范围和强度；②两组被试均可见负性激活,并且耳聋组负性激活区范围及强度明显大于对照组.结论①耳聋婴幼儿听力丧失后双侧听觉中枢仍存在一定的功能；②聋儿听皮质及其相关脑区发生了听-触觉重组；③聋儿的皮质系统感知震动触觉刺激的敏感性明显增加；④聋儿负性激活情况可能与听力丧失后皮质系统发生重组有关.

The Auditory Speech Processing Center and Related Brain Areas in Hearing-impaired Infants and Children

Objective To study the auditory speech processing center and other related brain areas in congenital hearing-impaired infants and children before cochlear implantation. Methods The blood oxygenation level dependent-functional magnetic resonance imaging（BOLD- fMRI） was used to test the children with profound sensorineural hearing impairment and the normal controls. Results ① Given the vibration tactile stimulation, the positively activated brain areas can be seen in the both groups, mainly including the auditory cortex and other touch- related brain areas. The activation range and intensity of hearing-impaired group were larger than those of normal group. ② The negative activation can also be observed in the two groups, but the range and intensity of hearing-impaired group were larger than those of normal group. Conclusion ①The bilateral auditory centers of hearing-impaired children still have some functions. ②The auditory-tactile reorganization occurs in the auditory cortex and other related brain areas. ③The sensitivity of cortex to feeling the vibration tactile stimulation increases significantly. ④ The negative activation may be associated with the restructuring of cortex in hearing-impaired children.