瓦氏骨外固定支架三角形有限性固定技术在胫腓骨骨折中的应用

目的 通过对俄罗斯骨科环形外固定支架的学习,探讨瓦氏骨外固定支架三角形有限性固定技术治疗胫腓骨骨折的疗效. 方法 回顾性分析2005年12月至2007年12月期间,使用瓦氏骨外固定支架三角形有限性固定技术治疗54例胫腓骨骨折患者,男48例,女6例;年龄18～54岁,平均34岁(18～54岁).骨折类型按AO分类:41-C3型2例(其中1例合并43-B2型,另1例合并43-A3型);42-A型17例,42-B型13例,42-C型12例;43-B型5例,43-C型5例.开放性损伤26例,按Gustilo-Anderson分型:Ⅱ型13例,ⅢA型10例,ⅢC型3例;闭合性损伤28例,按Tscherne分类:Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级20例.均采用闭合复位瓦氏骨外固定支架骨圆针三角形有限性固定治疗. 结果 28例闭合性损伤患者1周肿胀消退;26例开放损伤创口一期愈合24例,1例经换药后4周愈合,1例截肢.50例患者术后获3～14个月(平均10个月)随访,4例失访.50例患者骨折愈合时间为2～6个月,平均3个月.1例患者发生骨不连,经改单臂外固定支架固定后12周骨折获愈合.本组无功能障碍患者. 结论 瓦氏骨外固定支架三角形有限性固定技术在复杂胫腓骨骨折中的应用价值较高,其器械的三维调整力学性能使闭合复位变得容易,损伤小,骨愈合快,固定稳定可靠,感染率低,并发症少.

Triangle limited fixation by Russian external fixator for tibiofibular fractures

Objective To discuss the effects of triangle limited fixation by Russian external fixator for proximal and distal tibiofibular fractures. Methods From December 2005 to December 2007, 54 patients with tibiofibular fractures were managed with close reduction and triangle limited fixation by Russian external fixator. They were 48 males and 6 females, aged from 18 to 54 years (average, 34 years). By AO classification, there were two cases of type 41-C3 (one complicated with type 43-B2 and one with type 43-A3), 17 cases of 42-A, 13 cases of 42-B, 12 cases of 42-C, 5 cases of 43-B, and 5 cases of 43-C.Twenty-six cases were open injury (by Gustilo classification, type Ⅱ in 13, type ⅢA in 10, type ⅢC in 3),and 28 closed injury (by Tscherne classification, grade Ⅰ in 8 and grade Ⅱ in 20). Results Follow-ups of 50 patients revealed that the fractures healed from 2 to 6 months (average, 3 months). Swelling subsided in just one week in the 28 patients with close injury. Of the 26 patients with open injury, 24 obtained primary healing of wounds, one obtained wound healing 4 weeks after changes of dressing, and one suffered amputation. No malfunctions were found in this group. One case had nonunion which was healed after change to single-ann external fixation. Conclusion Triangle limited fixation by Russian external fixator can be applied in the treatment of complex tibiofibular fractures.