和田地区维吾尔族、汉族人群HBsAg携带率的流行病学调查分析

目的了解和田地区维吾尔族(维族)、汉族人群中乙型肝类(乙肝)病毒(HBV) 无症状表面抗原(HBsAg)携带情况。方法随机抽取墨玉县2 597人(维族2 022人,汉族575人)的血液样本,以胶体金标记双抗体夹心法检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)。结果维族人口HBsAg携带率1.48%(30/2022),男性为1.078%(20/1370)、女性为1.59%(10/652),平均年龄35 岁,男女之间无年龄、性别差异;而汉族人口HBsAg携带率为6.09%(30/575)、男性为5.6%(21/372)、女性为4.4%(9/203),男性平均年龄为36.3岁、女性为27.6岁,不同年龄、性别之间存在显著差异,且男性高于女性。本地区维族与汉族人口之间HBsAg携带率存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论和田地区维族人群中乙肝HBsAg携带率与低感染区一致,而汉族人群感染率与内陆地区中度流行区一致。本地区维吾尔族乙肝感染率偏低可能跟维吾尔族的民俗、饮食习惯及生存环境,HLA 基因频率分布差异等因素有关。作者认为,HLA-Bw41等抗原可能为抗乙肝病毒感染(非易感性)的基因(抗原)。

Epidemiological survey of HBsAg carriers in the Uighur and Han populations in the Khotan Area of Xinjiang Autonomous Region

Objective To survey nonsymptomatic HBsAg carriers in the Uighur and Han populations in Khotan Area of Xinjiang Autonomous region. Method HBsAg was detected using colloidal gold-labeled double antibody sandwich method. Results These investigations included 2 597 subjects consisting of 2 022 Uighur and 575 Han subjects. The total HBsAg carrier rate in the Uighur population was 1.48% (30/2 022), specifically 1.078% in male and 1.59% in female subjects. No significant differences were observed in the age between male and female HBsAg carriers, who had an average age of 35 years. In the Han population, the total HBsAg carrier rate was 6.09%(30/575), and was 5.6% in male and 4.4% in female subjects. The average age of the male carriers was 36.3 years and 27.6 years in the female carriers, which showed significant difference in respect to HBsAg carrier rate. The HBsAg carrier rate showed significant difference between Uighur and Han populations in Khotan Area (P<0.01). Conclusions The HBsAg carrier rate in Uighur population in Khotan Area is consistent with that in areas with low HBV infection, whereas the Han population exhibit features similar to those in areas with moderately HBV prevalence in the inland regions. The low HBsAg carrier rate in Uighurs might be attributed to the their customs in diet, eating habit, local living environment and the difference in HLA gene distribution. The authors suppose that such antigens as HLA-Bw41 might be protective against HBV infection.