下呼吸道感染致病菌的分布及对抗生素的耐药性分析

目的:了解长春地区下呼吸道感染者细菌分布及耐药情况.方法:采用普通痰细菌培养法及药敏法测定细菌分布及细菌耐药性.结果:细菌阳性分离率26.5%;革兰阴性(G-)杆菌占首位(72.5%),其中克雷伯杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、不动杆菌、肠杆菌为优势菌;革兰阳性(G+)球菌占第2位(22.9%),其中链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为优势菌.大部分G-杆菌对亚胺培南、氟喹诺酮类、头孢霉素三代及丁胺卡那霉素有较好的敏感性;G+球菌对头孢霉素二代、头孢霉素三代、万古霉素及亚胺培南较敏感.结论:长春地区下呼吸道感染患者感染细菌以G-杆菌占首位.亚胺培南、丁胺卡那霉素、头孢他啶及头孢哌酮在G-杆菌中抗菌活性最强.万古霉素、亚胺培南对G+球菌抗菌活性最强.

Distribution and resistance of pathogens isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infection

Objective: To investigate the distribution and resistance of pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in Changchun area. Methods: Sputum culture was followed by drug susceptibility test. Results: The postive isolation rate of bacteria was 26.5% (503/1 869) in which G - bacilli was major, took up 72.5% (365/503). According positive rate of them K. lebsiella , P. aeruginosa E. coli , A. cinetobacterl and Enterobacter in order were predominant, respectively; G + cocci was second (22.9%, 115/503) . Among them, Streptococcus , S. epidermidis S. aureus are predominant, respectively. The majority of G - bacilli showed lower resistant rate in comparison with imipenem, quinolones,the third generation of cephalosporins and tobramycin. G + cocci had lower resistant rate in comparison with the second and third generation of cephalosporins, vacomycin and imipenem. Conclusion: G - bacilli is the predominant in LRTI . Imipenem, tobramycin, ceftazidime and cefoperazone are the most effective to G - bacter, while the vacomycin and imipenem are the most effective to G + bacteria.