A Phase I,Open-label,Randomized, 2-Way Crossover Study to Evaluate the Relative Bioavailability of Intranasal and Oral Varenicline

PurposeTo estimate the systemic bioavailability of OC-01 (varenicline) nasal spray, an investigational treatment for dry eye disease, relative to oral varenicline approved for smoking cessation.MethodsThe Study to Evaluate the Relative Bioavailability of Varenicline Administered as OC-01 (Varenicline) Nasal Spray as Compared to Varenicline Administered Orally as Chantix (ZEN study) was a Phase I, open-label, randomized, single-center, 2-way crossover study. On day 1, 22 healthy participants were randomized 1:1 to a single intranasal dose of varenicline 0.12 mg in OC-01 nasal spray or a single oral dose of varenicline 1 mg. On day 15, all participants crossed over to receive a single dose of the alternate treatment. Plasma samples were collected for 6 days after each dose, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental analysis. Tolerability was monitored throughout.FindingsAfter a single dose of intranasal varenicline 0.12 mg in OC-01 nasal spray, peak systemic exposure (mean plasma C_max) was 0.34 ng/mL, which occurred at a median T_max of 2.0 hours. In comparison, mean plasma C_max after oral varenicline 1 mg was 4.63 ng/mL at a median T_max of 3.0 hours. On the basis of geometric mean ratio point estimates, peak exposure (C_max) and total exposure (AUC_0–∞) after intranasal varenicline 0.12 mg were 7.0% and 7.5%, respectively, of the systemic exposure associated with oral varenicline 1 mg. Dose-normalized C_max and AUC_0–∞ for intranasal varenicline remained 39% and 33% lower versus oral varenicline, respectively. No new or unexpected tolerability signals were detected.ImplicationsAt its highest intended single dose in OC-01 nasal spray, intranasal varenicline delivered less drug to the systemic circulation than oral varenicline at its highest approved single dose. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04072146.