Online alcohol sales and home delivery: An international policy review and systematic literature review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;2. Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;3. Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia;4. The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;5. Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia;1. Departamento de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Rua Borges Lagoa, 570 - 1º Andar - São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Rua Botucatu, 740, 4° andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;3. In memoriam;4. Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Department, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 525 Twenty-third Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20037, United States;1. National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK;2. London Borough of Islington, London, UK |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundOnline alcohol sales are experiencing rapid growth in many places, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting new laws and regulations. There are no comprehensive and systematic analyses of the laws or their effectiveness.ObjectiveTo summarise international policies governing online alcohol sale and delivery, including changes occurring with COVID-19, and examine available evidence of retailer compliance with such policies.MethodA policy review of 77 jurisdictions in six English-speaking OECD countries: United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. We synthesised policies according to ten elements identified as potentially relevant for public health regulation. A systematic literature review of compliance evaluations in Medline, Medline Epub, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar.Results72 of 77 jurisdictions permitted online alcohol sales and home delivery. Few jurisdictions require age verification at the time of purchase (n = 7), but most require it at delivery (n = 71). Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, most jurisdictions (69%) have either temporarily or permanently relaxed liquor regulations for alcohol home delivery. Three articles examined retailer compliance with age restrictions and found relatively low compliance (0%-46%).ConclusionMany jurisdictions permit the online sale and delivery of alcohol, but regulation of these sales varies widely. In most, regulations do not meet the same standard as bricks-and-mortar establishments and may be insufficient to prevent youth access. |
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