The ocular microbiome and microbiota and their effects on ocular surface pathophysiology and disorders |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;2. Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital, IHU ForeSight, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France;3. Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Clínica Rementeria, Instituto Investigaciones Oftalmologicas Ramon Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain;4. Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany;5. Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, Ospedale L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;6. Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain;7. Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S968, CNRS UMR7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France;8. CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Paris, France;9. Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Département de Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Paris, France;10. Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, ISPRE Ophthalmics, Genoa, Italy;11. Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Eye Clinic, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;12. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Humanitas University Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy;13. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy;14. Ophthalmology Départment, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France;1. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada;2. The John and Liz Tory Eye Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada;3. Kensington Vision and Research Centre, University of Toronto, Canada;4. Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;5. Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, UK;6. Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science/ Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada;7. Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael''s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Canada;1. Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany;2. Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland;1. Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA;2. Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA;3. Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;4. Department of Retina and Ophthalmic Oncology, Consultores Oftalmológicos, Buenos Aires, Argentina;5. The Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | The ocular surface flora perform an important role in the defense mechanisms of the ocular surface system. Its regulation of the immunological activity and the barrier effect against pathogen invasion are remarkable. Composition of the flora differs according to the methods of investigation, because the microbiome, composed of the genetic material of bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and eukaryotes on the ocular surface, differs from the microbiota, which are the community of microorganisms that colonize the ocular surface. The observed composition of the ocular surface flora depends on harvesting and examining methods, whether with traditional culture or with more refined genetic analysis based on rRNA and DNA sequencing. Environment, diet, sex, and age influence the microbial flora composition, thus complicating the analysis of the baseline status. Moreover, potentially pathogenic organisms can affect its composition, as do various disorders, including chronic inflammation, and therapies applied to the ocular surface.A better understanding of the composition and function of microbial communities at the ocular surface could bring new insights and clarify the epidemiology and pathology of ocular surface dynamics in health and disease. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of knowledge about this topic. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
