长沙市儿童家长预防接种知识、态度、行为影响因素分析

目的了解湖南省长沙市儿童家长的预防接种知识、行为、态度(Knowledge,Attitude and Practice,KAP),分析其影响因素,为制定长沙市预防接种干预策略提供依据。方法制作《儿童疫苗预防接种KAP调查问卷》,采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,从长沙市接种单位的预防接种建册信息系统抽取410名儿童家长为研究对象进行调查。结果知识与态度、知识与行为、态度与行为之间得分呈正相关关系(P0.001)。影响预防接种知识的主要因素为与儿童关系、文化程度、职业;而影响预防接种态度、行为的主要因素皆为与儿童关系、文化程度。结论儿童家长预防接种的行为在一定程度上由知识和态度决定,针对预防接种知晓率和预防接种知识需求较高的情况,要进一步加强长沙市儿童家长预防接种健康教育工作,且重点要注重对儿童父亲、年长人群、低学历人群、农民、工人和个体商户等职业人群的健康教育。

Influence factors on children's parents about vaccination knowledge,attitude and practice in Changsha City

Objective To investigate the vaccination knowledge,behavior and attitude on children's parents in Changsha,and analyze the influence factors,so as to provide the basis for establishing the vaccination intervention strategies of Changsha.Methods "Children's vaccination KAP survey" was made,multi-stage random sampling method was applied,410 children's parents were collected from the vaccination units system of which vaccination registration information was set up in Changsha.Results Linear correlation analysis showed that scores between knowledge and attitudes,knowledge and behavior,attitudes and behavior were positively correlated (P ＜ 0.001).Main factors affecting the vaccination knowledge were the relationship with children,education,and occupation;thc main factors affecting the vaccination attitude and behavior were all related with the relationship with children and education.Conclusion The vaccination behavior of the children's parents,in a certain degree,was determined by the knowledge and attitude.In the presence of high rate of vaccination knowledge and strong demand of vaccination knowledge,it is necessary to further strengthen vaccination education for the children's parents,priority should be put on children's father,elderly population,low education group,farmer,worker and individual business men.