龙胆斑枯病有效调控及其与药材产量和质量的相关性研究

龙胆斑枯病是龙胆栽培过程中的主要病害。本文通过田间试验及实验室研究,探讨了龙胆斑枯病的发病规律及病害对产量和质量的影响,并从农业措施、土壤与种苗处理、化学农药防治和中药防治等角度提出了有效防治措施。研究表明:黑龙江龙胆斑枯病的病原菌为Septoria mi- crospora speg．和Septoria gentianae Thum．;农学措施防治研究表明优质健壮种苗、较高的栽培密度、与高杆作物间作可有效缓解龙胆斑枯病;就有效成分而言,獐牙菜苦苷含量与病情之间无明显规律性,但龙胆苦苷含量随病情指数增加而呈现下降趋势;植物新农药防治龙胆斑枯病药效试验表明,9种中药乙醇提取物对龙胆斑枯病病菌(Septoria microspora Speg．)均有不同程度的抑制作用。

Studies on Effective Regulation and Control of Spot Blight of Radix Genfianae and Their Relativity with Output and Quality of This Medicinal Plant

The spot blight of Radix gentianae is the main disease occurring in the growth of this medicinal plant. In this article the occurring law of spot blight and the impact of the disease on the output and quality of Radix gentianae are probed by the way of summarizing field experiments and laboratory studies the authors of this article have done, and effective measures for the prevention and control of the disease are suggested from such aspects as of agricultural measures, the processing of soils and sprouts of the plant as well as the prevention and control of the disease by agricultural chemicals and Chinese medicine. Their study shows that the pathogenic bacteria of the spot blight of Radix gentianae in Hei-longjiang Province are septoria microspora Speg and septoria gentianae and their stydy in the prevention and control of the disease by agricultural measures indicates that high - quality and strong sprouts of Radix gentianae, rationally high density in its cultivation and its intercropping with long - stalked crops are able to effectively relieve spot blight of Radix gentianae. In a farmland in which the former crop is maize instead of Radix gentianae, Radix gentianae cultivated in it suffers rather light attack of spot blight. This disease can make the output of Radix gentianae lower down. As for effective constituents there exists no apparent law between the content of swertiamarin and the situation of spot blight of Radix gentianae, but the content of gentiamarin trends towords lowering down with the increasing index of the disease. The experiments of the effectiveness of new pesticides made of medicinal plants for the prevention and control of spot lbight of Radix gentianae demonstrate that all the mine ethanol extracts from Chinese medicinal plants have differently inhibitory actions on the bacteria of spot blight of Radix gentianae (Septoria microspora Speg. ) while the ethanol extracts from Melia toosendan, fructus enidii and rhizoma anemarrhenae possess much stronger action against the bacteria of spot blight (Septoria microspora Speg).