镉电池厂职业性慢性镉中毒发病情况分析

目的探讨镉电池厂职业性慢性镉中毒发病情况，尿镉、尿视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）和尿＆微球蛋白（β2MG）与工龄的关系，为镉中毒的防治提供科学依据。方法回顾分析45例职业性慢性镉中毒病例，采用职业卫生学调查、工作场所职业病危害因素现场检测和职业健康检查进行综合分析。结果工作场所空气中镉浓度0．001～0．848mg／m^3，超过《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》GBZ2．1—2007的要求；45例病例中，RBP与β2MG含量有直线相关关系，尿镉与RBP、β2MG及工龄之间均无直线相关关系；镉电池厂中毒病例并发肾结石的机率高。结论职业性慢性镉中毒病例RBP的诊断意义更大，β2MG诊断值有待降低。应加强镉的职业危害防治，用其他电池代替镉电池生产，从源头控制职业危害。

Prevalence of Occupational Chronic Cadmium Poisoning in Cadmium Battery Plants

Objective To investigate the incidence of occupational chronic cadmium poisoning in cadmium battery plants and the correlation between working age and the three key diagnosis indicators,including urinary cadmium,urinary retinol binding protein and urinary β2 microglobulin,and to provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control of cadmium poisoning.Methods Forty-five cases diagnosed with cadmium poisoning were served as the study objects,and the diagnosis data were collected for comprehensive analysis by vocational health care investigation,risk factors in site detection and vocational health examination.Results The concentration of cadmium in workplace air was 0.001~0.848 mg/m3,which was higher than that of the requirement of "Operational Site Harm Factor Occupation Contact Limiting Value"(GBZ2.1-2007).Among the 45 cases,RBP was linearly correlated with β2MG content,while urinary cadmium,RBP and β2MG were not linearly correlated with working age.The incidence of accompanying kidney stone was higher in those poisoning cases.Conclusions RBP has greater diagnostic significance for patients with occupational chronic cadmium poisoning,but the diagnostic value of β2MG is subject to decline.It is necessary to strengthen the control of occupational cadmium hazards and control occupational hazards at its sources by replacing cadmium battery with other batteries.