基于止血作用的三七粉质量标志物研究＊

目的 探索三七粉活血作用的质量标志物。方法 采集家兔血浆,采用体外凝血酶时间（TT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）检测试剂盒观察三七粉主要成分对凝血系统的影响;收集家兔富含血小板血浆,以二磷酸腺苷（ADP）诱导血小板聚集,观察三七粉主要成分对血小板聚集率的影响;取家兔主动脉条,置于体外组织灌流系统中,以去氧肾上腺素诱导血管条收缩,观察三七粉主要成分对血管平滑肌收缩功能的影响。结果 以蒸馏水溶解的三七总皂苷（PNS）,与水溶剂组比较,可显著延长TT、APTT、PT,降低FIB含量（P<0.05、P<0.01）,降低ADP诱导的血小板聚集率（P<0.01）。以5%二甲基亚砜（DMSO）溶解的单体成分,与5%DMSO溶剂组比较,人参皂苷F₂、人参皂苷Rb₂、人参皂苷Rb₃、人参皂苷Rk₁、三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rg₂,可显著延长TT（P<0.05,P<0.01）;人参皂苷F₂、人参皂苷Rd、人参皂苷Rb₂、人参皂苷Rg₂、人参皂苷Rb₁、槲皮素可延长APTT（P<0.05）;人参皂苷Re、槲皮素、人参皂苷F₂、人参皂苷Rb₃,可显著延长PT（P<0.05）;槲皮素、人参皂苷F₂、人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Rg₃、人参皂苷Rb₂、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Rb₃、三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rg₂可显著降低血浆FIB含量（P<0.05）;人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Rh₁、人参皂苷Rb₂、人参皂苷Rg₂、三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷F₂、人参皂苷Rg₃、人参皂苷Rd和人参皂苷Rb₁可显著降低ADP诱导的血小板聚集（P<0.05）;人参皂苷Rg₃、人参皂苷Rh₁、人参皂苷Rd、三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rk₁和人参皂苷Rg₂可明显扩张血管动脉条（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论 三七粉活血作用表现在抗凝、抗血小板聚集、扩血管等方面,人参皂苷F₂、人参皂苷Rg₂、人参皂苷Rg₃、三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Rb₂、人参皂苷Rb₃、人参皂苷Rd、人参皂苷Rg₁、槲皮素等可能为三七活血作用的物质基础,可作为三七粉活血作用的质量标志物进一步研究。

Study on the Quality Markers of Panax Notoginseng Powder Based on Its Hemostatic Function

Objective To explore the quality markers of Panax notoginseng Powder (PNP) in promoting blood circulation.Methods The rabbit plasma was collected and the effects of main components of PNP on coagulation system were observed by using in vitro detection kits of thrombin time (TT), activated partial thrombin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (FIB). Platelet rich plasma was collected from rabbits and platelet aggregation was induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to observe the effect of main components of PNP on platelet aggregation rate. Rabbit aortic strips were taken and placed in the tissue perfusion system in vitro, and the vasoconstriction of the strips was induced by norepinephrine to observe the effect of main components of PNP on the vasoconstriction function of vascular smooth muscle.Results Compared with the water solvent group, PNS dissolved in distilled water could significantly prolonged TT, APTT, PT, reduced FIB content (P<0.05 and P<0.01), and decreased ADP-induced platelet aggregation rate (P<0.01). Panax notoginseng monomers dissolved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were compared with 5% DMSO solvent group. The results showed that ginsenoside F₂, ginsenoside Rb₂, ginsenoside Rb₃, ginsenoside Rk_1,notoginsenoside R₁ and ginsenoside Rg₂ could significantly prolong TT (P<0.05, P<0.01); ginsenoside F₂, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rb₂, ginsenoside Rg₂, ginsenoside Rb₁ and quercetin could prolong APTT (P<0.05); ginsenoside Re, quercetin, ginsenoside F₂ and ginsenoside Rb₃ could significantly prolong PT (P<0.05); quercetin, ginsenoside F₂, ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Rg₃, ginsenoside Rb₂, ginsenoside Rb₁, ginsenoside Rb3, notoginsenoside R₁ and ginsenoside Rg₂ could significantly reduce the content of plasma FIB (P<0.05);ginsenoside Rh₁, ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Rb₂, notoginsenoside R₁, ginsenoside Rg₂, ginsenoside F₂, ginsenoside Rg₃, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rg₁ and ginsenoside Rb₁ could significantly reduce ADP-induced platelet aggregation (P<0.05); ginsenoside Rh₁, ginsenoside Rg₃, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rk₁, notoginsenoside R₁ and ginsenoside Rg₂ could significantly dilate the arterial strips (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion The effects of PNP on promoting blood circulation are manifested in anticoagulation, antiplatelet aggregation and vasodilation. Ginsenoside F₂, ginsenoside Rg₂, ginsenoside Rg₃, notoginsenoside R₁, ginsenoside Rb₁, ginsenoside Rb₂, ginsenoside Rb₃, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rg₁ and quercetin might be the material basis of the blood activating effect of Panax notoginseng and could be used as the quality marker of PNS based on its function of promoting blood circulation for further study.