Evaluation of Stress Distribution in Bone of Different Densities Using Different Implant Designs: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

A key factor for the success or failure of a dental implant is the manner in which stresses are transferred to the surrounding bone. This depends on the type of loading, bone–implant interface, the shape and characteristics of the implant surface and the quality and quantity of the surrounding bone. This study was done to evaluate the pattern of stress distribution with two different implant designs in four different densities of bone using 3D finite element analysis. Graphic pre-processing software Ansys version 10 was used for creating the geometric configuration of a section of the mandible with a missing first molar. Eight 3D models of this section restored with implant-supported all ceramic crowns were created. Four of these models were created to simulate a single threaded implant placed in four different densities of bone (D1, D2, D3 and D4). The other four models were created to simulate a single cylindrical implant placed in four different densities of bone (D1, D2, D3, and D4). The Poisson’s ratio (μ) and Young’s modulus (E) of elasticity of the material were incorporated into the model. An average vertical load of 400 N was applied on the occlusal surface of the first molar between the buccal cusp, central fossa and the marginal ridge. Maximum Von Mises stresses in all the eight models were observed at the crestal region or neck of the implant. The stresses observed were more for the threaded implants in all the four densities of bone when compared to that of the cylindrical implants. The study concluded that the cylindrical implant design was more favorable in softer bone than the threaded implant design.