下肢主要静脉的应用解剖及其临床意义

目的:通过对150例成年尸体下肢主要静脉的解剖观察,为临床上有关下肢静脉的手术、操作等提供解剖形态学参考.方法:在150侧成人下肢中,观察、测量大隐静脉、股静脉和胭静脉的长度、特别点外径以及静脉瓣膜数量和形状等指标,并进行综合分析.结果:大隐静脉、股静脉和腘静脉的长度各为(71.32±0.98)cm、(29.69±0.57)cm、(13.49±2.01)cm;大隐静脉起点、平股骨内侧髁上缘平面及终点外径各为(1.12±0.49)cm,(1.57±0.42)cm,(2.03±0.66)cm;股静脉起点、股三角尖处及终点外径各为(1.62±0.49)cm,(1.77±0.42)cm,(2.03±0.66)cm;腘静脉起点、中点及终点外径各为(1.55±0.51)cm.(1.59±0.37)cm,(1.62±0.49)cm;静脉瓣膜以双瓣型多见,瓣膜分布越向远侧越多.结论:以上对下肢静脉的观测结果,为临床有关下肢静脉的手术、操作提供了较为系统、全面的解剖学基础.

Applied anatomy and clinical significance of the chief venous in the lower extremity

Objective: Anatomic observation was performed on 150 sides of adult cadavers to provide anatomic reference about the veins of the lower extremity. Methods:On 150 sides of adult cadavers , the following indexes are observed and measured: the length of great saphenous vein, femoral vein and popliteal vein; the external diameter of some special points , the quantity and shape of the venous valve . Furthermore, these data were aggregate analyzed. Results :The length of great saphenous vein, femoral vein and popliteal vein is(71.32± 0.98 )cm,(29.69±0.57 )cm,(13.49±2.01 )cm respectively; the external diameter at the starting point of great saphenous vein is(1.12±0.49) cm, in the plane of condylus medialis femoris is (1.57±0.42)cm and at the ending point of great saphenous vein is (2.03±0.66)cm; the external diameter of the starting point, the tip of the femoral triangle and the ending point of femoral vein is (1.62±0.49)cm, (1.77± 0.42)cm, (2.03±0.66)cm respectively; the external diameter of the starting point, midpoint and ending point of popliteal vein is(1.55± 0.51)cm, (1.59±0.37)cm, (1.62±0.49)cm respectively; most of venous valve is bivalve, and there is much more valve in the distal veins. Conclusion: Data of this study based on applied anatomy are provided systematic and detailed basis to those operations on the legs.