额窦开口的临床应用解剖学研究

目的：探讨额窦开口部位，为鼻内镜下额窦开放手术提供解剖学基础。方法：成人颅骨100例、尸头30例，观察额窦开口部位，测量额窦矢状径、额骨的内侧骨板和眶部骨板的厚度、额窦口距筛前动脉管的距离。结果：100例成人颅骨有8侧额窦未发育，占4．0％；额窦开口于额隐窝者92侧（47．9％），开口于筛漏斗者52侧（27．1％），开口于筛漏斗上隐窝者40侧（20．8％）；额窦的矢状径为（12．16±7．62）mm；额窦口与筛前动脉管的距离平均为（3．40±2．32）mm。30例湿性尸头额窦矢状位观测，发现有3侧额窦末发育，占5．0％；额窦开口于额隐窝者27侧（47．4％），开口于筛漏斗者17侧（29．8％），开151于筛漏斗上隐窝者12侧（21．1％）；中鼻甲前下附着点至额窦开口的距离为（11．74±2．60）mm。结论：熟悉额窦开口部位及周围毗邻结构的解剖，可减少额窦开放手术中并发症的发生。

Applied Anatomy of Ostium of Frontal Sinus

Objective：To investigate the ostium of frontal sinus in order to provide anatomic evidence for open operation of frontal sinus under endoscopy. Methods ：To observe the ostia of frontal sinus and measure the sagittal diameter of frontal sinus, the thickness of medial frontal bone and orbital bone plate, and the distance between the ostium of frontal sinus and anterior ethmoidal canal, on 100 adult craniums and 30 corpse heads. Results：There were 8 （4.0%） immature frontal sinus and 92（47.9% ） frontal sinus opening into frontal recess, 52 （27.1% ） opening into ethmoidal infundibulum, 40（20.8% ） opening into superior recess of ethmoidal infundibulum in 100 adult craniums. The sagittal diameter of frontal sinus was （ 12.16 ± 7.62） mm. The average distance between the ostium of frontal sinus and anterior ethmoidal canal was （ 3.40 ± 2.32 ） mm. Observation to frontal sinus from the sagittal view on 30 cadaveric heads found that 3 （5.0%） immature frontal sinus,27（47.4% ） frontal sinus opening into frontal recess, 17 （29.8%） opening into ethmoidal infundibulum and 12（21.1% ） into superior recess of ethmoidal infundibulum. The distance between anteroinferior attachment point of middle nasal concha and the ostium of frontal sinus was （ 11.74 ± 2.60 ） mm. Conclusions ： Acquainting with the anatomy of ostium of frontal sinus and its surrounding structures could reduce the occurrence of complications during the open operations of frontal sinus.