American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Joint Scale: A Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation Study in the Persian Language |
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| Institution: | 1. Assistant Professor of Community and Preventive Medicine, Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;2. General Practitioner, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;3. Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Surgeon, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;1. Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;2. Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;3. Lecturer, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;4. Professor, Department of Health Sciences, Hokkaido Chitose College of Rehabilitation, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan;5. Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;6. Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;1. Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashiharashi, Nara, Japan;2. Vice President, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Narashi, Nara, Japan;3. Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Narashi, Nara, Japan;4. Director, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Narashi, Nara, Japan;5. Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashiharashi, Nara, Japan;1. Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX;3. Associate Professor, Department of Population and Data Science, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX;4. Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX;5. Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX;6. Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX;7. Professor, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX;1. Residency Program Director, Inova Medical Center, Fairfax, VA;2. Second Year Resident, Highlands-Presbyterian/St. Luke''s Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency Program, Denver, CO;3. Surgeon, Private Practice, Columbus, IN;1. Consultant, Hospital for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Hospital Bergmannstrost Halle gGmbH, Halle/S., Germany;2. Professor, Hospital for Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany;3. Senior Physician, Hospital for Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany;1. MS4, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, NY;2. Endovascular Biostatistician, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;3. Associate Researcher, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;4. Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, NY;5. Director of Endovascular Intervention of The Mount Sinai Network (Cardiology), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;6. PGY2, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, NY;7. Professor of Medicine and Surgery, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, NY;8. Dean of Clinical Education, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, NY |
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| Abstract: | We evaluated the reliability and validity of the Persian translation of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP). The translated AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP scale form was completed for 101 patients with hallux deformities; the subjective questions were answered by the patients, whereas the orthopedic foot and ankle surgeon and his assistant answered the objective questions. The validated Persian version of the 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36) was used for validity assessment. Eighty-five females and 16 males with a mean age of 49 years were enrolled. Hallux valgus and hallux rigidus was the diagnosis in 73 and 28 patients, respectively. Intrarater reliability had a high level of correlation (rho >0.6) for all subscales and total score. Although the correlation between the total score of the AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP scale and role: physical subscale of SF-36 was the highest (rho = 0.47), the total score of AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP scale and the other 7 domains of SF-36 had a correlation ranging between –0.17 and 0.43. Moreover, the correlation between total score of AOFAS-Hallux MTP-IP and SF-36 physical component summary scale was 0.50, which was higher than the correlation between total score of AOFAS and SF-36 mental component summary scale (rho = 0.35). Convergent validity was approved for MTP joint motion (0.59), IP joint motion (0.51), and callus (0.56) items of AOFAS-Hallux MTP-IP. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between all items of the functional subscale of AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP scale with its own subscales was higher than the coefficient between these items and other subscales, including pain and alignment (discriminate validity). Floor and ceiling effects were calculated as 2% and 1%, respectively. Our findings indicate that the translated Persian version of the AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP scale is a reliable instrument, but its validity is not satisfactory. |
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