夏秋季花粉症患者变应性鼻炎发展至变应性哮喘进程的临床研究

目的探讨夏秋季花粉症患者变应性鼻炎发展至变应性哮喘的进程。方法2001年8月至2003年12月对已确诊为夏秋季花粉变应性鼻炎的1096例患者（5～75岁）进行吸入过敏原皮内试验和血清特异性免疫球蛋白IgE检测,并在其就诊时对变应性鼻炎和变应性哮喘患者的首次鼻炎发病年龄、首次哮喘发病年龄、首次发病时间、鼻炎发展至哮喘的时间、鼻炎和哮喘发病的时间顺序同时进行标准临床问卷调查。结果夏秋季花粉症的首次发病年龄范围为2～68岁,15—44岁是鼻炎的高发年龄段;25～54岁是哮喘的高发年龄段。在鼻炎合并哮喘组,33％（194／585）鼻炎和哮喘在同年首次发作;66％（386／585）鼻炎先于哮喘发作,仅有0.8％（5／585例）哮喘先于鼻炎发作。在全部夏秋季花粉症鼻炎患者中,18％（194／1096）鼻炎和哮喘同时发作;37％（410／1096）在5年内,46．7％（506／1096）在9年内,5％（58／1096）在10～19年内,1．5％（16／1096）在20～40年内发展为季节性哮喘。结论近半数夏秋季花粉变应性鼻炎有可能在9年内发展为季节性变应性哮喘。

Natural course from rhinitis to asthma in the patients with autumnal pollinosis: a clinical study of 1096 patients

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural course from rhinitis to asthma in the patients with autumnal pollinosis. METHODS: 1096 patients with autumnal pollinosis, 488 males and 632 females, aged 38 +/- 14 (5 - 77), 511 with pure allergic rhinitis and 585 with allergic rhinitis complicated with asthma, underwent skin test of inhalant allergens, serum IgE specific to autumnal pollens, and questionnaire survey. RESULTS: The age range of rhinitis induced by autumnal pollens was 2 - 75. The peak onset age of rhinitis was 15 - 44, and the peak onset age of asthma was 25 - 54. 33% of the rhinitis patients complicated with asthma (194/585) had their first attack of rhinitis and the first attack of asthma in the same year, 66% of them (386/585) had the first attack of asthma later than the first attack of rhinitis, and only 0.8% of them (5/585) had their first attack of asthma earlier than that of rhinitis. 37% of the patients with autumnal pollen allergic rhinitis (410/1096) developed asthma within 5 years, 47% (511/1096), within 9 years, 5% (58/1096) within 10 approximately 19 years, and 1.5% (16/1096) within 20 - 40 years. CONCLUSION: Almost half of the patients with autumnal pollen allergic rhinitis develop to seasonal allergic asthma within 9 years.