头颈肿瘤患者家庭肠内营养调查分析与护理

目的探讨3年来头颈肿瘤患者家庭肠内营养并发症的情况及经验。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2010年12月83例头颈肿瘤患者家庭肠内营养随访资料，其中喉癌36例，下咽癌10例，口底癌12例，舌癌25例。输注途径中75例是采用鼻胃管途径，输注方法80例采用间断滴注的方法输注，营养液的选择主要以自制匀浆联合商品化肠内营养制剂为主。结果在头颈肿瘤患者家庭肠内营养并发症中，导管相关并发症发生率33．7％，消化道并发症发生率均为38．6％，误吸并发症发生率为26．5％，同时并发症的发生在出院后第1周高于第2周，患者恢复进食例数第1周低于第2周。结论头颈肿瘤患者家庭肠内营养应用相对安全，但在并发症的预防与处理、进食训练方面需要得到关注与指导，尤其是患者出院后第1周。

A survey and analysis on the home enteral nutrition complication in patients with head and neck cancer

Objective To observe the home enteral nutrition complication in patients with head and neck cancer since the last three years. Method Retrospective analysis on following up datas in 83 cases of home en- teral nutrition in patients with head and neck cancer from January 2007 to December 2010, including 36 cases of laryngeal cancer, 10 eases of hypopharyngeal cancer, 12 cases of floor of mouth cancer, 25 cases of tongue cancer. 75 cases of infusion channels use nasogastric tube. 80 cases were treated with intermittent infusion. The nutrient solution mainly consisted of self-made homogenate and enteral nutrition. Results Among home enteral nutrition complications in head and neck cancer patients, catheter-related complication rate was 33.7%, gastrointestinal complication rate was 38.6%, aspiration complication rate was 26.5%. The incidence of complications in the first week after leaving hospital was higher than the second week, otherwise, the number of patients resumed oral intake in first week was less than the second week. Conclusion Home enteral nutrition in patients with head and neck cancer is relatively safe, but it is needed to be concerned and given guidance in the prevention and treatment of complications, and eatina trainina for the natients, esneeiallv in the first week after leaving hosnital.