外企农民工职业卫生知识认知与干预研究

目的了解外企农民工职业卫生知识的认知状况，探讨提高农民工职业卫生知识的途径及其效果，为开展农民工职业卫生宣传教育和提高其职业卫生知识水平提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法选择不同行业的外企农民工进行干预前后问卷调查，调查的主要内容包括农民工对《职业病防治法》和职业病危害及其防护相关知识的认知，干预措施包括行政手段干预和健康教育干预，对调查数据采用SPSS13．0软件作统计分析。结果外企农民工的整体文化程度较低，初中及以下高达63．28％；干预前对《职业病防治法》和职业危害与防护相关知识的认知率偏低，认为对《职业病防治法》了解的仅占7．56％，认为了解一点的占76．00％，另有16．44％认为不了解甚至从未听说过该法；通过一系列的干预措施后，认为对《职业病防治法》了解的提高到62．89％、认为了解一点的下降到30．74％，而认为不了解甚至从未听说过该法下降到只有6．36％；干预后农民工对职业危害与防护相关知识的认知率提高，而卫生部门宣传和企业组织培训的干预效果最为明显。结论当前农民工对职业卫生知识的认知率低，各级部门有必要加大对《职业病防治法》和职业危害与防护相关知识的宣贯，而卫生部门宣传和企业组织培训为主的综合性健康促进干预措施可有效地提高农民工职业卫生知识，在今后的职业卫生工作中应从根本上提高农民工的自我防护能力。

Study on Cognition and Intervention on Occupational Health Knowledge of Migrant Rural Workers in Foreign Enterprises

Objective To understand the cognitive condition of occupational health knowledge of migrant rural workers in foreign-funded enterprises, to discuss the approach and the effect of improving the occupational health knowledge of them, and so as to provide scientific base for caring out occupational health education. Methods Stratified random sampling was adopted to choose migrant rural workers of foreign invested enterprises in different sectors; a questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the intervention. The survey mainly included how the migrant rural workers understood the Occupational Disease Prevention Law, occupational hazards and its protection. The intervention measures included administrative intervention and health education intervention. SPSS 13.0 was used to of migrant rural workers were low, 63.28% ot them about understanding Occuoational Disease analyze the survey data. Results The overall education levels whide were junior high school or below. The cognitive rates of Prevention Law. occupational hazards and its protection were low before intervention. Only 7.56% of them understood Occupational Disease Prevention Law, 76.00% understood it a little, and 16. 44% didn＇t understand or had never heard of it. Through a series of interventions, the rates above changed, which were 62.89%, 30. 74%, and 6.36% , respectively. After intervention, the cognitive rates of occupational hazards and its protection were significantly improved, and the effects of propagating from medical departments and training in enterprises were the most obvious. Conclusions The current cognition rate of migrant rural workers about occupational health knowledge is low. Departmerits at all levels need to intensify propagating the knowledge of Occupational Disease Prevention Law, occupational hazards and relative protection. The comprehensive health promotion interventions of propagating from medical departments and training in enterprises will be effective in improving the knowledge of migrant rural workers about occupati