复杂胫骨平台骨折手术入路的探讨

目的 评价双切口入路治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折手术治疗方法及疗效。方法 2003年5月-2004年11月，手术治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折24例，其中男16例，女8例。年龄21～65岁，平均40．6岁。左侧11肢，右侧14肢，1例为双侧，均为闭合性骨折。致伤原因：高处坠落伤10例，交通伤12例，其他2例。按照Schatzker分型标准：Ⅴ型14肢，Ⅵ型11肢。受伤至手术时间6～15d，平均10．4d，均采用双切口入路，双钢板固定手术治疗。结果所有患者均获随访12～23个月，平均15．6个月。术后骨折愈合时间6～9个月，平均7．4个月。其中2肢因关节面粉碎严重未达到解剖复位；1肢因干骺端粉碎严重未恢复下肢正常力线，出现膝内翻；3肢出现伤口表皮坏死，无骨外露，经换药处理后愈合。膝关节功能按Rasmussen评分标准评定：优10肢，良8肢，可3肢，差4肢。结论 双切口入路降低了软组织的并发症，有利于关节面复位；双钢板固定可靠，可早期行功能锻炼，是一种较好的治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的手术入路和方法。

EXPLORATION OF SURGICAL APPROACHES OF COMPLEX TIBIAL PLATEAU FRACTURES

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical treatment and its results of complex tibial plateau fractures. METHODS: From May 2003 to November 2004, 24 cases of complex tibial plateau fractures were treated by two-incision approaches. There were 16 males (including 1 case of bilateral), and 8 females, with mean age of 40.6 years (21-65 years), eleven fractures occurred in left extremity and 14 in the right. No patients suffered open fractures. Fracture was caused by fall from height in 10 cases, by traffic accident in 12 cases and by another causes in 2 cases. According to Schatzker classification, type V fracture was found in 14 extremities, type VI in 11 extremities. All cases were operated with two-incision approaches and double-plates fixation. The operation was performed 6-15 days after injury with mean 10.4 days. RESULTS: All cases were followed up from 12 to 23 months (mean 15.6 months). Time of the bone healing was 6-9 months, with mean 7.4 months. No reduction of anatomy was achieved because of comminuted fractures of articular surfaces in 2 limbs. The line of the lower extremity did not recover because of metaphysis comminution in 1 limb, which led to knee varus. Epidermal necrolysis was observed in 3 limbs, and the wound healed after change dressing. The function of the knee was evaluated according to Rasmussen's criteria, the results were excellent in 10 limbs, good in 8 limbs, fair in 3 limbs, and poor in 4 limbs. CONCLUSION: The two-incision approaches reduced the complication of soft-tissue injury, which is conductive to reduction of articular surface. Double-plates provide a sufficient internal fixation. It can permit early motion of knee joint. Therefore, two-incision approach are an effective surgical approach of treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures.