新生儿医院感染相关因素的调查与分析

目的探讨新生儿医院感染的相关因素及预防措施。方法回顾性汇总分析2001年1月~2004年12月312例住院新生儿医院感染监测资料。结果新生儿医院感染发生率为8.29%;感染部位主要以下呼吸道为首,其次是皮肤与软组织、口腔黏膜、眼结膜等。医院感染病例细菌培养常见细菌依次是金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌、副流感嗜血杆菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯亚种、真菌等;大部分为条件致病菌。早产儿、低体重儿、羊水污染、出生经产道吸入性窒息、大剂量预防性使用抗生素、母婴同室、各种医疗护理操作、住院时间长是导致新生儿医院感染的危险因素。结论针对各种相关因素,采取相应的预防控制措施,可减少新生儿医院感染的发病率。

Analysis of factors associated with hospital-acquired infection of newborns

Objective To discuss factors associated with hospital infection of newborns and measures of prevention.Methods We reviewed and analysed the data of hospital infection survey of newborns of our hospital from January 2003 to December 2004.Results The incidence rate of newborn infection is 8.29%.The prime infection position is lower respiratory tract,and then skin and soft tissue,oral mucosa,conjunctiva etc.The most common bacteria are staphylococcus aureus,coagulation enzyme negative staphylococcus,Haemophilus parainfluenzae,Escherichia coli,pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,fungus etc.Most are conditional pathogenic bacteria.Premature infants,low birth weight infants,amniotic fluid pollution,aspiration asphyxia through birth canal,the preventive use of great dose antibiotics,mother and baby in one room,medical and nursing operations,long time in hospital are all risk factors of newborns infection.Conclusions We can decrease the incidence of disease by using preventive methods.