Molecular identification and phylogenetic relationships of trichomonad isolates of galliform birds inferred from nuclear small subunit rRNA gene sequences |
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Authors: | Cléa Mantini Jocelyne Dalia-Cornette Satoko Noda Harold M J F Van Der Heijden Monique Capron Eduardo Dei-Cas Wil J M Landman Moriya Ohkuma and Eric Viscogliosi |
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Institution: | 1.Inserm, U547, Institut Pasteur de Lille,Université Lille Nord de France,Lille cedex,France;2.Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms,RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) BioResource Center,Wako,Japan;3.Animal Health Service (GD),Deventer,the Netherlands;4.Laboratoire d’Ecologie du Parasitisme (EA 3609) and Faculté de Médecine,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (Université Lille Nord de France) and Institut Pasteur de Lille,Lille cedex,France;5.Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Utrecht University,Utrecht,the Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Histomonas meleagridis is the etiological agent of histomonosis or blackhead disease. Recently, genotyping, based on polymerase chain reaction and
sequencing of internal transcribed spacer-1 sequences was applied to various isolates originating from fowl. Three genotypes
were described: types I and II isolates were associated with clinical disease and probably derived from H. meleagridis, whereas, type III isolates were not disease-associated and likely corresponded to Parahistomonas wenrichi according to morphological observations. However, this latter species has never been characterized at the molecular level
and its phylogenetic relationships with other parabasalids remained hypothetical. To confirm the identification of these isolates,
small subunit rRNA gene sequences were obtained from representatives of types I, II, and III and analyzed in a broad phylogeny
including 64 other parabasalid sequences. From our phylogenetic trees, we confirmed that types I and II isolates were closely
related, if not identical, to H. meleagridis, while type III isolates represented P. wenrichi. Both species clustered together with high support. This grouping suggested that speciation leading to these two species
inhabiting the same hosts and ecological niche occurred recently in birds. In addition, speciation was likely followed by
loss of pathogenicity in P. wenrichi. |
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