外伤性胆道损伤的处理

目的 探讨外伤性胆道损伤的处理方法.方法 回顾性分析2009年7月至2014年5月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院收治的26例外伤性胆道损伤患者的临床资料.26例患者均有外伤史.根据损伤控制原则,行剖腹探查术明确诊断后,根据术中探查情况,采用Mattox损伤分型标准对患者进行分型.在抗休克治疗的同时,根据损伤部位和程度,选择胆囊切除术、胆管修补术、胆管对端吻合术、胆肠吻合术和肝方叶切除＋肝门部胆管整形＋肝肠吻合术等手术方式.合并其他脏器的损伤者均行相应的手术治疗.术后辅以抗炎、补液等对症支持治疗.记录患者院内死亡情况.出院患者定期门诊或电话随访,随访时间截至2014年10月.结果 26例患者行剖腹探查术,术中发现胆囊损伤15例、胆总管损伤5例、肝总管损伤3例、左肝管损伤2例、右肝管损伤1例;合并肝破裂11例、脾破裂1例、肾破裂5例、小肠破裂4例.Mattox损伤分型：Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型0例,Ⅳ型8例,Ⅴ型3例.15例胆囊损伤患者中,5例Ⅰ型胆囊挫伤较轻者未行胆囊切除术,6例Ⅰ型胆囊挫伤较重者和4例Ⅱ型患者行胆囊切除术;11例肝胆管损伤患者中,5例Ⅳ型较轻者行胆管修补＋T管引流术,3例Ⅳ型较重者根据损伤部位采用不同手术方案（1例行胆管对端吻合术＋T管引流术、1例行胆肠吻合术、1例行肝方叶切除＋肝门部胆管整形＋肝肠吻合术）,3例Ⅴ型患者均行胆肠吻合术.合并其他脏器损伤的患者均行相应的手术治疗：11例联合肝破裂修补术或肝段切除术,1例联合脾切除术,5例联合肾切除术,4例联合小肠部分切除＋端端吻合术.26例患者中,术后1例因失血性休克经抢救无效于住院期间死亡;3例出现胆汁漏,1例出现伤口感染,经对症支持治疗后痊愈.25例患者治愈出院.25例患者获得随访,随访时间为术后1、3、6、12个月,无一例患者发生迟发性胆?

Management of traumatic bile duct injury

Objective To investigate the management of traumatic bile duct injury.Methods The clinical data of 26 patients with traumatic bile duct injury were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were admitted to the Tongji Hospital of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology from July 2009 to May 2014.All the 26 patients had the history of trauma.The trauma of the patients were typed according to the Mattox injury typing system.Besides anti-shock treatment,cholecystectomy,bile duct repair,end-to-end anastomosis of bile duct,choledochojejunostomy and quadrate lobectomy ＋ hilar bile duct reshaping ＋ hepaticojejunostomy were selected according to the site and degree of the injury.Symptomatic treatment was applied to patients who were combined with other organs injury.Patients were followed up via out-patient examination and telephone interview till October 2014.Results Twenty-six patients received exploratory laparotomy,and gallbladder injury was detected in 15 patients,common bile duct injury in 5 patients,common hepatic duct injury in 3 patients,left hepatic duct injury in 2 patients,right hepatic duct in 1 patient.Eleven patients were combined with hepatic rupture,1 with splenic rupture,5 with renal rupture,4 with small intestinal rupture.Eleven patients were with type Ⅰ bile duct injury,4 with type Ⅱ bile duct injury,8 with type Ⅳ bile duct injury and 3 with type Ⅴ bile duct injury.Of the 15patients with gallbladder injury,5 patients with slight bruise of the gallbladder did not receive cholecystectomy.Six patients and 4 patients with type Ⅰ and Ⅱ bruise of the gallbladder received cholecystectomy.Of the 11 patients with hepatic and bile duct injury,5 patients with type Ⅳ received bile duct repair ＋ T tube drainage,1 patient with type Ⅳ received end-to-end bile duct anastomosis ＋ T tube drainage,1 patient with type Ⅳ received biliojejunostomy and 1 patient with type Ⅳ received quadrate lobectomy ＋ hilar bile duct reshaping ＋ hepatojejunostomy; 3 patients with type Ⅴ received