上海市普陀区长征镇学生过敏性疾病流行病学调查

目的了解上海市普陀区长征镇中小学生过敏性疾病患病率及治疗状况。方法采用国际儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病研究（International Study of Asthma and Allergiesin Childhood,ISAAC）第一阶段调查问卷为基础问卷;哮喘控制测试（Asthma ControlTest,ACT）进行疾病严重度评估。2007年4-5月对上海市普陀区长征镇5807名中小学生进行哮喘、变应性鼻炎、湿疹的问卷调查。结果患过敏性疾病者599例,患病率为10.31%,其中哮喘患病率为4.84%,男女比例为1.68∶1;变应性鼻炎和湿疹的患病率分别为7.44%和0.83%。哮喘患者中有家族史的占17.57%,哮喘合并变应性鼻炎者147例,占52.31%。多数哮喘患者不用药,ACT评分在20～24分的患者中不用药者占87.30%,使用吸入糖皮质激素（inhaled corticosteroid,ICS）治疗者为3.17%;ACT评分≤19分的患者中有55.60%不用药,吸入糖皮质激素占22.20%。变应性鼻炎患者中有34.97%不用药,单鼻用皮质类固醇者占23.78%,单口服抗组胺药者占16.78%,联合鼻用皮质类固醇＋口服抗组胺药治疗者为4.20%。结论上海普陀区长征镇中小学生哮喘患病率与2002年上海地区调查的哮喘患病率比较无明显上升。变应性鼻炎的患病率较低。多数哮喘、变应性鼻炎患者治疗是不规范的。

Prevalence of Atopic Disorders in School Children in Changzheng Town of Pumo District, Shanghai

Objective To investigate the prevalence and treatment of allergic diseases among students from elementary and high schools in Changzheng Town of Putuo District in shanghai.Methods The survey was conducted among 5 807 students in Apr.to May of 2007.The questionnaire based on first stage of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood（ISAAC） was used.ACT（Asthma Control Test,ACT） was used to evaluate the severity of asthma.Results The prevalence of allergic diseases was 10.31%.The prevalence of asthma was 4.84%.The ratio of males to females was 1.68 to 1.The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and eczema were 7.44% and 0.83%,respectively.The asthmatics with family history in asthma was 17.57%.The prevalence of combined asthma and allergic rhinitis was 52.31%,and there were 147 students.Most of asthmatics had no treatment.87.3% of the patients whose ACT scores were between 20-24 didn’t use any medicine,and only 3.17% of the patients used inhaled corticosteroid（ICS）.55.60% of the patients whose ACT scores were below 19 had no treatment,and only 22.20% patients inhaled corticosteroid（ICS）.34.97% of the patients with allergic rhinitis had no treatment,and 23.78% of the patients used nose inhaled corticosteroid,and 16.78% of the patients took oral anti-histamine,and 4.2% of the patients used nose inhaled corticosteroid and oral anti-histamine.Conclusion Compared with the results of survey in Shanghai in 2002,the prevalence of asthma from elementary and high schools in Changzheng Town of Putuo District in Shanghai did not increase obviously.The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was low.The treatment was irregular in the patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis.