湖南省学生生长发育长期变化趋势分析

目的了解湖南省儿童青少年生长发育长期变化趋势,为开展学校卫生保健工作提供资料.方法分析2000年湖南省7～22岁学生体质调研资料,并与1985年进行比较.结果城市男女生、农村男女生身高分别平均增长了2.9 cm,2.4 cm,2.3 cm和1.5 cm,体重分别平均增长了4.7 kg,2.6 kg,1.8 kg和0.6 kg.城市男女学生胸围分别平均增长了1.1 cm和2.6 cm,农村男生胸围平均减少0.9 cm,农村7～9岁女生胸围下降明显.城乡各年龄组男女学生肺活量指数均显著下降(P＜0.01).农村学生形态指标发育高峰年龄明显提前.结论湖南省学生身高、体重发育呈现出长期增长趋势,其增长值小于同期全国平均水平.应加强学生体育锻炼,注意改善农村学生营养,青春期卫生教育应始于小学高年级.

Analysis on Growth and Development Long-term Trend of Students in Hunan

Objective To understand growth and development long term trend of students in Hunan, to provide basis for implementing school health. Methods Data from Henan Student Fitness and Health Survey conducted in 2000 were analyzed and compared with those in 1985. Results The average increment were 2.9 cm, 2.4 cm, 2.3 cm, and 1.5 cm for body height, 4.7 kg, 2.6 kg, 1.8kg, and 0.6 kg for body weight, respectively for urban girls and boys and rural girls and boys. The mean of chest circumference increased 1.1 cm and 2.6 cm for boys and girls in urban, but in rural areas, that for boys decreased 0.9 cm and girls aged 7 9 decreased significantly. The mean of vital capacity index in each group declined significantly (p<0.01). The peak age of morphological development for adolescent in rural students in 2000 was earlier than in 1985.Conclusion The results suggest a long term, increasing trend in body height, weight development among Hunan students. However, their increments were lower than the national levels. It is necessary to strengthen students' physical exercises and improve nutrition status of rural students. Meanwhile, puberty health education should begin on grades five and six.