Serum Copper and Zinc Levels in Epileptic Children with Valproate Treatment

Valproate (VPA) induces zinc (Zn) deficiency in experimental animals, but whether VPA treatment induces deterioration of serum trace metal homeostasis in humans is uncertain. We measured serum copper (Cu) and Zn levels in epileptic children treated with VPA and/or other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Patients treated with VPA monotherapy had significantly lower levels of serum Cu (82.2 +/- 16.6 micrograms/dl) than normal controls (97.3 +/- 23.0 micrograms/dl). Patients treated with VPA in addition to some other AED also had significantly lower levels of serum Cu (84.8 +/- 20.0 micrograms/dl). Serum Cu concentrations in patients treated with AEDs except for VPA (87.7 +/- 19.1 micrograms/dl) were not statistically different from those of control subjects. In contrast to the reported results of animal experiments, serum Zn levels were not altered in patients with VPA treatment. Although none of our patients showed any symptoms of Cu deficiency, we should pay attention to potential Cu deficiency in patients with VPA treatment.