危险度评价最新进展

在过去的几十年里 ,人们开发了许多新的方法来改进化学品危险度评价中的剂量 反应关系的评定 :如采用定义较为完善的有效作用剂量来替代无可见有害作用水平(NOAEL) ,以及改进了的不确定 /安全系数的评定方法。本文将介绍目前国际上使用较为广泛的几种评定方法 :①采用剂量 反应关系数学模拟的方法来估计有效剂量以取代NOAEL作为安全剂量的出发起点值的剂量 反应关系的评定方法 ,包括 :“基准剂量法”和“分类回归法” ;②使用种系内和种系间毒代动力学和毒效动力学的资料来选择不确定系数的“基于数据的不确定系数法” ;③用于估计不确定系数的可信区间 ,以及计算安全剂量值的可信区间的“概率参考剂量法”。

Recent development in chemical risk assessment

This review focuses on the recent advance in the non cancer dose response assessment, a critical part of chemical toxicological risk assessment. In the past decade, various new methods have been developed to improve the dose response analysis in the risk assessment field in terms of a better defined surrogate for the non observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) as a point of departure or improved uncertainty factor (UF) in calculation of a safe dose. In this review, we discussed recently developed benchmark dose and categorical regression approaches , which employ dose response modeling methods to estimate the effective dose to replace NOAEL, and new data derived uncertainty factor approach, which uses toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic data to improve the choice of interspecies and intraspecies UFs. Finally, we also discussed the latest probabilistic reference dose approach, which has been developed to take into account the likely range of values for each default UF, and the resulting range in values calculated for the RfD.