小剂量氯氨酮复合芬太尼术后静脉镇痛在老年病人中的应用

目的观察小剂量氯氨酮复合芬太尼术后静脉镇痛应用于老年病人的临床效果和并发症,并与单纯芬太尼进行比较。方法选择行胸腹部手术后老年(年龄≥65岁)患者80例,随机分为两组,每组40例。氯氨酮-芬太尼组(联合组):氯氨酮0.5mg/ml 芬太尼5.0μg/ml 咪唑安定50μg/ml;单纯芬太尼组:芬太尼7.5μg/ml 咪唑安定50μg/ml。各组镇痛泵中药物均用生理盐水稀释至200ml。观察各组患者术后镇痛48h内的静息镇痛评分、镇静评分以及恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、幻觉的发生情况。结果两组用药总量及PCA量均相似(P>0.05)。两组术后各时段静息镇痛评分均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。联合组在各时段的镇静效果明显地优于单纯芬太尼组(P<0.05)。在术后镇痛48h内,联合组的恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒发生率明显低于单纯芬太尼组(P<0.05),两组患者均无幻觉发生。结论小剂量氯氨酮用于老年病人术后镇痛可明显减少芬太尼的剂量,并使恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒的发生率降低,而镇痛效果并无差异。

Low-dose ketamine combined with fentanyl for intravenous postoperative analgesia in elderly patients

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of and complications arising from low-dose ketamine combined with fentanyl for intravenous postoperative analgesia in comparison with the exclusive use of fentanyl in elderly patients. METHODS: Eighty elderly patients were randomized into two equal groups following thoracoabdominal surgery, and received intravenous analgesia with the combination of 0.5 mg/ml ketamine, 5.0 microg/ml fentanyl and 50 microg/ml midazolam (KF group) and with 7.5 microg/ml fentanyl plus 50 microg/ml midazolam (FT group), respectively. The drugs used were diluted in 200 ml normal saline. For analgesic administration, a loading dose (2-4 ml) was given followed by a background infusion (2.5-3.5 ml), with patient-controlled bolus doses of 2.0-3.0 ml with lock-out time of 20 min via PCA pump (Automedical, Korea). The static pain score (VAS), sedation score, and incidences of nausea, vomiting, pruritus and hallucinations were recorded during the initial 48 h after the surgery. RESULTS: The total analgesic dosage and PCA dosage in the two groups were similar (P>0.05). With similar VAS in the two groups (P>0.05), the sedative effect in KF group was much better than that in FT group (P<0.05) during the initial 48 h postoperatively. The incidences of nausea, vomiting and itching were lower in KF group than in FT group (P<0.05), and no illusion was reported in two groups during the initial 48 h. CONCLUSION: For producing comparable postoperative analgesic effect, low-dose ketamine combined with fentanyl can markedly reduce fentanyl requirement in the elderly patients and lowers the incidences of nausea, vomiting and itching in comparison with the exclusive use of fentanyl.