内镜治疗的输尿管结石患者治疗前结石位置和输尿管扩张特点分析

目的：了解输尿管镜或经皮肾镜治疗输尿管结石患者在治疗前输尿管结石的停留位置、结石所致输尿管扩张情况和不同部位输尿管结石的大小差异，为提高输尿管结石的认知水平和制定合理诊治方案提供参考依据。方法：回顾性分析2016年8月至2017年3月北京大学人民医院泌尿外科收治的129例行输尿管镜或经皮肾镜治疗的输尿管结石患者治疗前的CT影像学资料，收集肾盂输尿管连接部（ureteropelvic junction, UPJ）、近段输尿管、输尿管跨髂外血管处（ureter crossing external iliac vessel, UEIV）、远段输尿管和输尿管入膀胱处（ureterovesical junction, UVJ）各部位结石和输尿管扩张资料，分析不同部位输尿管结石和输尿管扩张特点。结果：129例输尿管结石患者中，UPJ处9例（7.0%）、近段输尿管处75例（58.0%）、UEIV处6例（4.7%）、远段输尿管26例（20.2%）、UVJ处13例（10.1%）。近段输尿管结石的平均横径为(8.47±2.36) mm、平均纵径为(11.00±4.41) mm，远段输尿管的平均横径为(6.74±1.99) mm、平均纵径为(7.50±4.28) mm，近段输尿管结石的平均横径和平均纵径均明显大于远段输尿管结石（P<0.001）。114例输尿管扩张者，UPJ处的平均横径为(14.39±6.09) mm，输尿管上段的平均横径为(11.45±3.85) mm，UPJ处的平均横径明显大于输尿管上段（P<0.001）。结论：输尿管结石分布于近段输尿管处最常见，停留于UEIV处的结石仅占少数，近段输尿管结石的横径和纵径大于远段输尿管结石，结石致输尿管扩张的患者中，UPJ处的扩张程度大于输尿管上段。传统观点认为输尿管结石易停留于UPJ、UEIV和UVJ这3个自然狭窄处，此观点有待重新认识。

Characteristics of ureteral stone position and dilatation of ureter in patients before treated with endourologic lithotripsy

Objective: To investigate the position and the size of ureteral stone in patients before treated with ureteroscopic lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), as well as the dilatation of ureter caused by stone, which may be helpful for better understanding of pathogenesis of ureteral stone and improvement of the diagnosis and treatment in clinic.Methods: A total of 129 cases with ureteral stone for endourologic lithotripsy in Peking University People''s Hospital from Aug.2016 to Mar.2017 were included for the retrospective review.The CT data of the ureteral stones and the ureteral dilatation were collected, including the position of stone, the transverse and longitudinal diameter of stone, and the transverse diameter of dilated upper ureter and ureteropelvic junction (UPJ).The distribution of ureteral stones and dilatation in different parts of ureter were compared and analyzed.Results: All of the 129 cases of ureteral stone, stones were located at UPJ in 9 cases (7.0%), proximal ureter in 75 (58.0%), ureter crossing external iliac vessel (UEIV) in 6 (4.7%), distal ureter in 26 (20.2%), and ure-terovesical junction (UVJ) in 13 (10.1%).The mean transverse diameter of proximal ureteral stones was greater than that of distal ureteral stones (8.47±2.36) mm vs.(6.74±1.99) mm, P<0.001], as the same as the mean longitudinal diameter (11.00±4.41) mm vs.(7.50±4.28) mm, P<0.001].In 114 cases of dilated ureter for stone, the UPJ had a greater transverse diameter compared with the upper ureter (14.39±6.09) mm vs.(11.45±3.85) mm, P<0.001].Conclusion: The most common location of stone is the proximal ureter in patients for endourologic lithotripsy, as the location in UEIV is rare.Both transverse and longitudinal diameters of stone in proximal ureter are greater than those in distal ureter.For dilated ureter, it is more severe in UPJ than in upper ureter.Traditionally, it is accepted that the stones lodge at 3 sites of natural narrowing in ureter, which may be questioned.