男性服刑人员个性及其心理健康状况调查

背景随着各种违法犯罪现象的持续增多,研究导致违法犯罪发生原因成为目前比较重要的课题,而在这些原因中犯罪者的个性和社会心理因素是不可忽视的.目的探讨男性服刑人员的个性特征及心理健康状况,以便及时矫正服刑人员的不良个性及心理.设计以服刑人员为研究对象,以正常人为对照,观察对比,调查研究.单位一所医学院医院的心理科.对象选择2001-12/2002-03在贵州省第一监狱男性服刑人员575名为研究组;以同期贵阳市云关乡附近的农民及工人265名为对照组,均为男性,年龄、文化程度与实验组匹配.方法采用艾森克个性问卷和精神症状自评量表对研究组和对照组研究对象进行测试并将两组结果予以比较.主要观察指标两组艾森克个性问卷,症状自评量表评分结果比较.结果研究组艾森克个性问卷显示内外向、神经质、精神病质维度评分(9.97±2.32,12.00±2.62,11.04±2.44)明显高于对照组(9.28±2.77,10.25±2.68,8.03±2.51)(P＜0.01),掩饰性维度评分略高于对照组,但差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).研究组艾森克个性问卷量表各维度各型人数均明显高于或低于对照组(t=2.05～3.06,P＜0.01).研究组症状自评量表中总分、总均分、阳性项目数以及9个因子分明显高于对照组(t=3.23～7.89,P＜0.01).结论与一般成年人相比男性服刑人员具显著的外向型人格特征、情绪不稳定、精神病个性倾向以及严重的心理问题,提示在改造罪犯的同时应矫正服刑人员的不良个性及心理.

Survey on the personality and mental health of male prisoners

BACKGROUND: With the persistent increase of all kinds of illegitimacy and crime, researches on the reasons that induce the occurrence of illegitimacy and crime become relative important issues at present, while the personality and socio-psychological factors of the offenders are also reasons cannot be ignored.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the personality and mental health situations of male prisoners to promptly correct the bad personality and mentality of the prisoners.DESIGN: An observatory comparative survey based on prisoner as subjects and normal individuals as controls.SETTING: Department of psychology in a medical college hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 575 male prisoners were selected from the First Prison of Guizhou Province between December 2001 and March 2002 into study group. And 265 peasants and workers of Yunguan Township, Guiyang City were selected during same period into control group. All controls were male with matched age and education background to that of the study group.METHODS: Eysenck's personality questionnair(EPQ) and symptoms checklist 90(SCL-90) were used to asses the subjects and controls of both groups and the results were compared between two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of EPQ and SCL-90 scores between two groups.RESULTS: Extroversion, nervosity and psychosis scores in EPQ were significantly higher in study group(9.97±2.32, 12.00±2.62, 11.04±2.44) than control group(9.28±2.77, 10.25±2.68, 8.03±2.51)( P ＜ 0.01 ), while the score of conceal in EPQ was slightly higher in study group than control group ( P ＞ 0.05) . Positive numbers of study group in each dimension and each type of EPQ were significantly higher or lower than that of control group ( t = 2. 05-3.06, P ＜ 0.01 ). Total score, total mean,number of positive items and scores for 9 factors in SCL-90 were significantly higher in study group than control group( t = 3.23-7.89, P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: Compared with ordinary adults, male prisoners have significant extroversion personality, unstable emotion, psychosis inclination and serious mental problems, which suggests the bad personality and mentality of the prisoners should be corrected simultaneously when they receive reformations.