职业性接触灭蚁药物对人体免疫功能的影响

背景存在于生活、生产环境中的多种化学毒物在一定剂量下具有免疫毒性,灭蚁药物氯丹和含砷杀虫剂名列其中.职业性接触此类化学毒物是否会造成作业人员免疫系统损害?目的探讨职业性接触灭蚁药物对作业人员免疫水平的影响.设计病例-对照研究.单位原江苏省职业病防治院职业病科和毒化实验室.对象该研究于2002-01/2003-12在原江苏省职业病防治院职业病科和毒化实验室完成.接触组分设为白蚁防治组、砷药物生产组和氯丹生产组.3组研究对象分别选择来自本省某白蚁防治所的白蚁防治人员、某农药厂生产砷药物和生产氯丹的工人,共216名.选择身体健康的非职业性接触人群64人作为对照组.纳入标准①接触组工龄在2年以上者;②对照组为不接触有毒有害物质的健康自愿者,其他条件与接触组相似.排除标准①符合接触组纳入标准但工龄小于2年者;②不接触有毒有害物质但患有各种疾病者.方法采用美国Beckman公司生产的免疫化学系统ICS仪和PEG-紫外定量法,对作业人员进行了血清中IgG,IgA,IgM,C3,C4,CRP,CIC进行了检测.并对工龄、吸烟、饮酒和体内毒物的浓度对免疫水平的影响进行了分析.主要观察指标血清中IgG,IgA,Ig,MC3,C4,CRP,CIC水平.结果职业接触灭蚁药物使血清中IgG,IgA,IgM水平显著下降(t=2.16～2.35,P＜0.05),但不同工龄接触者的IgG,IgA,IgM水平差异无显著性意义;吸烟、饮酒能加重含砷和氯丹类灭蚁药物对人体免疫水平的影响,使IgG、IgA、IgM水平显著降低(t=1.76～5.68,P＜0.05～0.01);体内免疫球蛋白的水平与血清氯丹和尿砷含量呈负相关r=(-0.5123)～(-0.2314),P＜0.05～0.001 ].结论职业性接触灭蚁药物能显著降低作业人员机体的免疫水平.

Impacts of occupational contact with termite-control drug on human immune function

BACKGROUND: Many chemical poisons existing in our daily life and environment have immunotoxicity in certain dose including termite-control drug, chlordane, and pesticides containing arsenic. Whether occupational contact with this type of chemical poisons would induce injuries of the immune system of the operators?OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impacts of occupational contact with termite-control drug on the immune functions of the operators.DESIGN: A case-control trial.SETTINGS: Original Department of Occupational Diseases, Toxic and Chemical Laboratory, Jiangsu Hospital of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Disease.PARTICIPANTS: The study was performed in the original Department of Occupational Diseases, Toxic and Chemical Laboratory, Jiangsu Hospital of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Disease from January 2002 and December 2003. Contact groups were termite-control group, arsenic-producing group and chlordane-producing group. A total of 216 subjects were selected from the staff who were termite controllers of some termite-control institute, workers produce arsenic drug and chlordane of some pesticide factory. Another 64 healthy subjects who had no occupational in the control group were healthy volunteers had no contact with toxic and harmful substances, other conditions of the control group were similar to that contacts with toxic and harmful substances but other diseases.INTERVENTIONS: ICS apparatus for immune chemistry system made by Beckman Company(USA) and PEG-ultraviolet quantitative method were used for the assay of serum IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4, CRP and CIC of operators. The impacts of the length of services, smoking, drinking and the poison concentration in vivo on immune level were analyzed as well.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3,C4, CRP and CIC.RESULTS: Occupational contacts of termite-control drug significantly reduced serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels( t =2.16 to 2. 35, P ＜ 0. 05); However, there were no significant differences in IgG, IgA and IgM levels between subjects with different lengths of services. Smoking and drinking could aggravate the impacts of termite-control drugs, Arsenic and Chlordane, on human immune response, which significantly reduced serum IgG, IgA and IgM ( t = 1.76 to 5.68, P ＜ 0. 05 to 0.01) . Levels of immune globulin in vivo were negatively correlated with serum contents of chlordane and uric content of arsenic(r = -0.512 3 to -0.231 4, P ＜0.05 to 0.01).CONCLUSION: Occupational contacts with termite-control drug can significantly reduce the immune functions of the operators.