压力管理干预对急诊及外科护士职业倦怠、压力的改善作用

目的 探讨压力管理干预对急诊及外科护士职业倦怠、压力的改善作用.方法 收集解放军第四二二医院2012年6～12月护士职业倦怠调查资料,选择急诊及外科护士90名为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组各45例.研究组护士给予压力管理干预,主要包括压力认知培训、时间管理、社交训练、放松训练、职业教育等,培训周期为3个月,每月3次;对照组护士由本科护士长通过沟通、谈心的方式进行常规干预.干预前及干预后3个月采用职业倦怠量表、护士工作压力源量表、焦虑自评量表调查护士职业倦怠、压力及焦虑情况,并进行组间比较.结果 ①职业倦怠：干预前两组护士在情绪耗竭（EE）、玩世不恭（DP）、个人成就感（PA）方面评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,干预后两组EE、DP评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,PA评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;②压力源：干预前两组护士工作压力源量表5个维度评分差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,干预后除工作环境及仪器设备维度外,研究组其他维度评分均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;③焦虑：干预前两组焦虑评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,干预后研究组焦虑评分明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 急诊及外科护士存在明显的职业倦怠及压力情况,压力管理可以有效缓解护士职业倦怠及压力情况,减少护士流失,对相关医疗机构的护士管理有一定的借鉴意义.

Role of stress management intervention on occupational burnout and stress of emergency and surgical nurse

Objective To investigate the improvement role of stress management intervention on occupational burnout and stress of emergency and surgical nurse.Methods The nurse occupational burnout survey data from June to December 2012 in the 422nd Hospital of PLA were collected.90 cases of emergency and surgical nurses in the hospital were selected as research objects,and were randomly divided into research group and control group,with 45 cases in each group.Research group was given stress management intervention,including stress awareness training,time management,social interaction training,relaxation training,vocational education and so on,the training period was 3 months,3 times a month.Control group was given routine intervention such as communication with matron.Before and 3 months after intervention,MasIach burnout inventory （MBI）,nurse job stressors scale （NJSI） and self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） were used to investigate the burnout and stress of emergency and surgical nurses,and the results of the two groups were compared.Results ①MBI：before intervention,the differences of emotional exhaustion （EE）,cynical （DP）,personal accomplishment （PA） scores between the two groups were not significant （P ＞ 0.05）,while after intervention the differences of EE,DP scores between the two groups were significant （P ＜ 0.05）,but the difference of PA score between the two groups was not significant （P ＞ 0.05）.②NJSI：before intervention,the differences of five dimensions scores between the two groups were not significantly （P ＞ 0.05）,and after intervention,except instruments and equipment dimension,the NJSI scores of research group were significantly lower than the control group （P ＜ 0.05）.③SAS：before intervention,the difference of SAS score between the two groups was not significant （P ＞ 0.05）,while after intervention,the SAS score of the research group was lower than the control group （P ＜ 0.05）.Conclusion There is obvious burnout and stress in emergency and surgical nurses,stress management can effectively alleviate nurse burnout and stress condition,reduce nurses lost,and have certain significance for nurse management in related medical institutions.