癌痛患者使用阿片类药物镇痛的个体化护理干预及效果

目的 探讨个体化护理干预在癌痛患者使用阿片类药物镇痛中的应用.方法 选择2011年7月～2013年6月江苏省苏州市立医院恶性肿瘤伴有不同程度疼痛并在使用阿片类药物的患者120例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各60例,对照组按常规给予药物治疗及护理,观察组在此基础上根据患者具体情况从认知、疼痛评估、药物应用、不良反应预防等方面给予个体化护理干预,对两组患者疼痛缓解程度、药物不良反应发生率进行比较.结果 观察组、对照组的疼痛缓解率分别为66.67％和15.00％（P＜ 0.01）,观察组恶心呕吐、便秘的发生率（38.33％、23.33％）低于对照组（83.33％、55.00％）,总的不良反应发生率低于对照组（65.00％比150.00％,P＜0.05）.结论 护理人员根据患者的具体情况实施个体化护理干预,在癌痛患者使用阿片类药物过程中可以帮助患者更好地控制疼痛,减少药物副作用,提高癌痛患者的生活质量.

Effect of individual nursing intervention in cancer patients with opioid analgesia

Objective To investigate the individualized nursing intervention using opioid analgesia in patients with cancer pain.Methods 120 malignant tumors patients in North Branch of Suzhou Municipal Hospital from July 2011 to June 2013 who were used opioids to control the different degrees of pain were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group.60 patients in the control group were received conventional medical treatment.60 patients in observation group were received individualized nursing interventions on the basis of the patient specific situation,which included cognitive,pain assessment,drug use,prevention of adverse reactions.Degree of pain release and incidence of adverse reaction in two groups of patients were compared.Results Pain relief rates were respective 66.67% and 15.00% in the observation group and the control group （P 〈 0.01）.The incidence of nausea,vomiting and constipation in the observation group （38.33%,23.33%） were lower than those in the control group （83.33%,55.00%）.The adverse reaction of total cases in the observation group was also lower than that in the control group （65.00% vs 150.00%,P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion The individualized nursing intervention in patients with cancer pain during taking opioids can help patients to control pain,reduce side effects and improve the quality of life in patients with cancer pain.