围术期低体温的研究进展

一、正常的体温调节体温调节系统是由感受传入、中枢控制和传出效应互相联系而组成的一个反馈系统^[1-2]。温度感受器分布于全身许多部位，冷感受器通过A-delta纤维传送信号，而热感受器通过C纤维传送信号。在体温自主调节中，皮肤、腹腔和胸腔、脊髓、下丘脑和大脑其他部位传入信号各约占20％，而在行为调节中，主要依赖皮肤温度^[1,2,3]。

Research Progress on Perioperative Hypothermia

Perioperative hypothermia is a common and serious complication of anesthesia and surgery and is associated with many adverse perioperative outcomes. It prolongs the duration of action of inhaled and intravenous anesthetics as well as the duration of action of neuromuscular drugs. Mild core hypothermia increases thermal discomfort, and is associated with delayed post anaesthetic recovery. Mild hypothermia significantly increases perioperative blood loss and augments allogeneic transfusion requirement. Hypothermia adversely affects antibody- and cell-mediated immune defences, as well as the oxygen availability in the peripheral wound tissues. Furthermore mild hypothermia triples the incidence of postoperative adverse myocardial events. Thus, even mild hypothermia contributes significantly to patient care costs and needs to be avoided.